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5 ist Congress,") HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. f Mis. Doc. 

!■»■ Session, j 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 



LIFE AND CHARACTER 



WILLIAM D. KELLEY 

(A REPRESENTATIVE FROM PENNSYLVANIA), 



I'KUVKRED IN THE 



House of representatives and in the Senate, 



FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. 



PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF CONGRESS, 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1890. 






JOINT RESOLUTION TO PRINT THE EULOGIES UPON WILLIAM D. KELLEY. 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled. That there be printed of the 
eulogies delivered in Congress upon the late William D. Kelley, a Repre- 
sentative in the Fifty-first Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, 
twenty-five thousand copies, of which six thousand copies shall he for t lie 
use of the Senate and nineteen thousand copies shall be for the use of the 
House of Representatives; and the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he 
is hereby, directed to have printed a portrait of the said William D. Kel- 
ley to accompany said eulogies, and for the purpose of engraving and 
printing said portrait the sum of one thousand dollars, or so much thereof 
as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated. That of the quota to the House of 
Representatives the Public Printer shall set apart fifty copies, which he 
shall have bound in full morocco, with gilt edges, the same to be delivered 
when completed to the family of the deceased. 

Approved, June 5, 1890. 



ANNOUNCEMENT 



DEATH OF WILLIAM D. KELLEY 



January 10, L890. 

Mr. O'Neill, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I rise to an- 
nounce to the members of the House the death of my dear 
colleague, Hon. William D. Kelley, which occurred at 20 
minutes after 6 last evening, at the Riggs House, in this 
city, surrounded by his family, and in the midst of bis 
labors. 

I need not say, Mr. Speaker, that this is the saddest duty 
\\ bich has ever devolved upon me since 1 became a member 
of this House. The death of Judge Kelley, who had been 
elected fifteen times as a member from one of the Philadel- 
phia districts, his first election occurring in October. 1860, and 
the fifteenth and last in November, 1888, takes from me the 
longest acquaintance of my public service — an intimate, 
friendly acquaintance, never marred for one moment of time. 
I can not to-day express my feelings and my thoughts on the 
decease of this distinguished man, known not only through- 
out this country, but, in my opinion, perhaps almost better 
kin ) wn throughout the world than any other man in American 
public life to-day, for his great service to his country, for his 

3 



4 Announcement of Death of William D. Kelley. 

great mind, for his working capacity, and for all that ap- 
pertains to a useful Representative for nearly thirty years in 
the House of Representatives of the United States. 

I will take occasion, Mr. Speaker, to ask the House in the 
near future to designate a day when members may express 
their feelings in memory of our deceased member. At this 
time I beg leave to offer the following resolutions : 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That the House has heard with deep regret and profound sor- 
row of the death of Hon. William D. Kelley, late a Representative from 
the Stale of Pennsylvania. 

Resolved ( in reci ignition of the long and distinguished term of service 
rendered in this body by Mr. Kelley, a term the longest in its history 
and which had made him for many years the " father of the House"), 
That appropriate services be held in the Hall of the House to-morrow, the 
11th instant, at 12 o'clock m. 

Resolved, That a committee of nine members of the House, with such 
members of the Senate as may be joined, be appointed to attend the 
funeral at Philadelphia, Pa. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate 
and transmit a copy of the same to the family of the deceased. 

The resolutions were unanimously adopted. 

Mr. O'Neill, of Pennsylvania. I ask leave, Mr. Speaker, 
to offer the following resolution. 

The Speaker. Before the resolution of the gentleman 
from Pennsylvania is read, the Chair will announce the fol- 
lowing committee under the resolutions just adopted: Mr. 
O'Neill of Pennsylvania, Mr. McKinley of Ohio, Mr. Can- 
non of Illinois, Mr. Banks of Massachusetts, Mr. McKenna 
of California, Mr. Carlisle of Kentucky, Mr. Mills of Texas, 
Mr. Holman of Indiana, and Mr. Mutchler of Pennsylvania. 

The Clerk will now read the resolution submitted by the 
gentleman from Pennsylvania. 



Funeral Services. 5 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased, the House do now adjourn. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted ; and accordingly 
(at 12 o'clock and 15 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. 



Saturday, January 11, 1890. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. 

The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and 
approved. 

FUNERAL OF HON. WILLIAM D. KELLEY. 

At 8 minutes past 12 o'clock (the Senate having previously 
entered the Chamber and taken the seats reserved for them, 
tin- Vice-President occupying a chair on the right of the 
Speaki 1). the casket containing the remains of Mr. Kelley 
was brought into the Hall, preceded by the Sergeant-at- 
Arins of the House; Revs. Dr. Cuthbert, of Washington, 
and Dr. Butler, Chaplain of the Senate; and the committee 
of arrangements, composed of Representatives and Senators. 
The family of the deceased took seats inside the area oppo- 
site the Speaker's chair. 

Rev. Dr. Butler read appropriate Scripture selections as 
the casket was borne to the Hall of the House. 

Rev. Dr. Cuthbert, acting as Chaplain of the House, read 
the ninetieth psalm, and then offered the following prayer: 

O Thou, Who art our dwelling-place in all generations, 
the One in Whom we live and move and have our being, 
our strength and our refuge and ever present help in trouble, 



6 Funeral Services. 

draw nigh unto us, our Heavenly Father, we pray Thee, at 
this time. Dependent upon Thee at all times, we especially 
feel our helplessness and dependence in the face of a bereave- 
ment like this. 

We devoutly recognize Thy hand in the removal of Thy 
servant, so long a useful and honored member of this body; 
a man respected by all, loved by so many, the object of so 
much tender friendship and affection. 

O, Thou giver of every good and perfect gift, we thank 
Thee for this gift to his family, to his friends, to his associ- 
ates, and to his country. And now that Thou hast seen fit 
to take him away from us, help us all to feel and to say, 
Thy will, Lord, be done. 

We gratefully recognize, O Lord, at this time the spirit 
of Christian charity which, in the face of such a calamity 
as this, puts aside all sectional prejudice, all party feelings, 
all political antagonisms, so that we come together as br< "fil- 
ers united in the bonds of a common sympathy, liable to 
common sorrows and trials, and going to the same conflict 
with the last enemy, which is Death. 

We devoutly thank Thee, O Lord, for that great hope 
which is laid before us in Him who has brought life and im- 
mortality to light through the Gospel, so that, although we 
pass through the valley of the shadow of death, we may 
fear no evil. The shadow tells us of the light beyond, the 
night of the coming day, and the temporary eclipse of the 
shining of the glorious Sun of Righteousness with healing 
upon His wings. 

We commend to Thee, O Lord, this bereaved and afflicted 
family. O Thou who art the God of the widow and the 
Father of the fatherless, shield them with Thy presence and 
Thy love. Go with them, dear Father, in this journey to 
their darkened home. Be with them in the journey of life 



Funeral Services. 7 

to the end. Guide*tis all with Thy counsel, and afterwards 
receive us to Thyself. We humbly beg of Thee in the name 
and for the sake of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 

Rev. Dr. Butler, Chaplain of the Senate, then read selec- 
tions from the fifteenth chapter of the First Epistle to the 
Corinthians, and offered the following prayer: 

O, God; we come to Thee amid the mysteries of life and 
of death. We thank Thee for light from Thy throne as we 
go through this pilgrimage. We can not understand Thee, 
O God. Fearfully and wonderfully hast Thou made us. 
We rejoice to believe that the unseen Hand guides us, and 
that Thy almighty arm is round about us to shield and pro- 
tect. We rejoice that we have a Father in heaven whose 
eye is continually upon us. and to whom we may come for 
guidance and comfort and strength and pardon and peace 
in every time of need. 

We confess our sins. Thou knowest them better, Lord, 
than we can tell Thee. 

Our prayer is, God be merciful to us sinners! 

We are but men, full of frailty, compassed about with 
infirmity, often overwhelmed with perplexity. We draw 
nigh to Thee, as our pitying Father. We pray that Thy 
fear may ever be before our eyes, that Thy love may be ever 
in our hearts, and that now, as we gather at this open casket 
in which lie the remains of a brother beloved, we may learn 
lessons of heavenly wisdom. Teach us so to number our 
days that we may walk continually in Thy fear and love. 
Restrain us from all evil; quicken us in all good; strengthen 
us in every time of weakness; succor us in every day of 
temptation. Be to us a very present help in every time of 
trouble. God, as we turn from this open casket and new- 
made grave to life's responsible, trying, and perplexing 



8 Funeral Services. 

duties, we would quit ourselves as rnen,*being strong. We 
rejoice that while we mourn, yet we mourn not as those 
who have no hope, for we know that if Jesus died and rose 
again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring 
with him. 

Comfort this bereaved widow and these fatherless chil- 
dren. Thou Judge of the widow and Father of the fatherless, 
we commend them to Thy loving care. Fill them with Thy 
spirit; give unto them an abiding faith in Thee; direct Thou 
their paths; incline and enable them so to walk in the ways 
of righteousness that when they come to the end of life's 
pilgrimage they may be gathered into the Father's house. 

And bless, we pray Thee, Thy servants, the associates of 
our departed brother, in their official relation. O, that they 
may ever walk in the fear of God; that wisdom from on 
high may animate them in every right endeavor ; and so 
direct, our Father, the legislation of this land that the inter- 
ests of truth may be promoted, that the welfare of the people 
may be advanced, and that this land of ours, so highly exalted 
among the nations — so richly blest of Heaven — may continue 
to grow in knowledge and in power and in righteousness, 
leading the nations toward that coming Kingdom which 
shall never be moved. God forbid that amid the wreck of 
the nations of the past we shall ever be numbered. Pre- 
serve to us, we pray Thee, our freedom, and so fill us with 
light from on high, with the love of God and love to our 
neighbor^ that we may abide in ever-growing strength our 
lives having passed, yet our Government remain when He 
comes whose right it is to reign among the nations of men. 

And now, Lord, teach us by this providence; bless to us 
this dispensation. Help us, O Lord, so to live from day to 
day in the consciousness of Thy nearness, guiding, sustain- 
ing, helping, and comforting, giving unto us thy peace, the 



Funeral Services. 9 

peace of God that passeth all understanding, ever to keep 
our hearts and minds. Grant that when we shall come to 
the end of the toil and the care, of sorrow and joy. we 
may fall asleep in Jesus. Grant this with forgiveness and 
grace; not because we are worthy, but for the sake of Jesus 
Christ, our Lord, who hath taught us, when we pray, to say: 
Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. 
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done upon earth as it is 
in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive 
us our trespasses as we forgive those that trespass against 
us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from 
evil : For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory 
forever. Amen. 

Benediction was then pronounced by Rev. J. H. Cuthbert: 
And now may the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love 
of God our Heavenly Father, and the fellowship of the 
Holy Spirit abide with us all evermore. Amen. 

The remains were then borne from the Hall. At 12 
o'clock and 35 minutes the Senate retired, and the House 
resumed its session. 

Mr. Bingham. Mr. Speaker, as an additional mark of 
respect, I move you, sir, that the House do now adjourn. 

The motion was unanimously agreed to; and accordingly 
(at 12 o'clock and 3G minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



The Speaker. The hour having arrived for executing the 
special order of the House, the Clerk will read the order. 
The Clerk read as follows : 

Resolved, That Saturday, March 15, at 2 o'clock, afternoon, be fixed 
for paying tribute to the memory of Hon. William D. Kelley, late a 
member of the House of Representatives in the Fifty-first Congress from 
the State of Pennsylvania. 

ADDRESS OF MR. O'NEILL, OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Mr. Speaker: Biography of eminent men who have 
achieved distinction in life is a great teacher, and holds out 
to youth struggling against adverse circumstances a hope of 
ultimate success. 

William Darrah Kelley, born April 12, 1814, in the 
city of Philadelphia, died at 20 minutes after 6 o'clock of 
the evening of January 9, 1890, at the Riggs House, in the 
city of Washington, D. C, having reached almost seventy- 
six years of age. From his early youth until his death, while 



12 Address of Mr. O* ' Neill, of Pennsylvania, on the 

a member of the House of Representatives of the United 
States, is another illustration in his successful career of 
what can be accomplished by devotion to study stimulated 
by a proper ambition. 

Young Kelley, thrown upon his own resources in his 
boyhood, was at school until nearly his twelfth year, and 
was fortunate in receiving a good English education. This 
was the basis of his fondness for study. He began then to 
earn his own living by going into a store as errand boy and 
by reading proof in a printing-office. His father, who died 
when he was but two years of age, was a widely known and 
successful jeweler, but the shrinkage in all business pursuits 
following the war of 1812 brought to him financial disaster. 
The son. feeling the necessity of adopting some permanent 
occupation, concluded to learn the business his father had 
followed, and by thirteen years of age had apprenticed him- 
self for seven years to a firm of jewelers. Having completed 
his apprenticeship, he went in a little while to the city of 
Boston, and worked there several years as a journeyman. 

Returning to Philadelphia in his early manhood he com- 
menced the study of law, and at twenty-seven years of age 
was admitted to the bar. With a matured intellect and with 
close habits of study he soon became prominent as a lawyer, 
and, attracting by his rapid progress in his profession the 
attention of the governor of the Commonwealth, he was 
appointed prosecuting attorney of the city and county of 
Philadelphia, and held that office a second time. Iu 1846, 
at thirty-two years of age, he was commissioned by appoint- 
ment a judge of the court of common pleas. In 1851, the 
judiciary of Pennsylvania having become elective, he was 
chosen by the people to the same court for a term of tea 
years, remaining a judge about half his elective term, he 
having served in that capacity about ten years in all. 



Life and Character of William D. Kcllcy. 13 

He was nominated in 1856 for the House of Representa- 
tives, and then resigned his judgeship. His resignation 
enabled him to take part with propriety in the interesting 
canvass of that year, presenting to the people with great 
power and eloquence the principles of Republicanism upon 
which he sought to be elected, and urging with force and 
vigor the election of General John C. Fremont, The cam- 
paign ended in the defeat of the judge for Congress, and also 
the distinguished candidate for the Presidency. 

He had won distinction upon the bench, and, coming to the 
bar again, his knowledge of the law and his impressiveness 
of speech brought to him at once a large clientage, both as 
coiinselor and advocate. 

Taking hours from his professional work, he was promi- 
nent in the lecture field upon many of the subjects, irrespect- 
ive of politics, of that day which called to the rostrum 
many cultured men. An errand boy, a printer's proof- 
reader, a jeweler's apprentice, a workman at his trade, a 
lawyer, a prosecutor of the pleas, a judge, and a lecturer — 
he never failed of success for he never ceased to devote him- 
self to study. His tempei'a.ment was such that he must 
work ; his unwearying eagerness for learning and his deter- 
mination to succeed elevated him in the estimation of the 
people and made his wonderful career in public life a histor- 
ical certainty. 

My acquaintance with my late colleague commenced when 
he was filling the position of prosecuting attorney. As a 
student at law I was frequently a listener in the courts and 
in the quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, which gave 
me opportunities of hearing him in the trials of criminals 
of all grades. I was impressed with his consummate skill 
in the examination of witnesses, his logical analysis of evi- 
dence, and his persuasive power of presenting cases to juries. 



14 Address of Mr. O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, on the 

As I look back upon these earlier years of his professional 
life, the Philadelphia bar full of great lawyers. I can say 
that he was noted among them as already a distinguished 
leader. 

Great questions were now agitating the public mind, and 
Judge Kelley naturally entered into their discussion. In 
the division of parties he had been a Democrat, but lie dif- 
fered with that party upon the issue of slavery and its exten- 
sion. In his lectures before large assemblies he advocated 
freedom to all, and upon the stump as a candidate made him- 
self most conspicuous as an orator and contributed in a great 
degree to the future success of the Republican party. 

Elected to the House of Representatives in 1860 as a Re- 
publican, lie was sworn in as a member of the Thirty-seventh 
Congress at the session called by President Lincoln July i, 
1861. He came to the performance of his duties fully 
equipped, for he had studied the principles of republican 
government. As a man of the people, he understood what 
was due to humanity. With a mind stored with knowledge 
acquired by study of the writings of the fathers of the Re- 
public, he soon took rank with the great statesmen who 
welcomed him to a seat beside them in that eventful called 
session. Among them, as senior colleagues from Pennsyl- 
vania, were Thaddeus Stevens, Galusha A. Grow, James K. 
Moorhead, and Edward McPherson, all widely known 
throughout the country. 

From other States were seated there Justin S. Morrill, 
William S. Holman, Henry L. Dawes, John A. Logan, 
Schuyler Colfax, Daniel W. Voorhees. William Windom, 
Robert Mallory, John A. Bingham. Samuel S. Cox. Elihu 
B. Washburne. Clement L. Vallandigham, William A. 
Wheeler, Francis P. Blair, jr. , Roscoe Conkling, George H. 
Pendleton, James F. Wilson, Elijah Ward. who. with many 
others of distinction, composed that House of Representa- 



Life and Character of William. D. Kelley. 15 

tives of the Thirty-seventh Congress. With its roll of only 
181 members who took the oath of office, I believe it has 
never been surpassed, if ever equaled, in the number of men 
who already had impressed themselves upon the country for 
statesmanship or who subsequently, so many of them, rose 
to higher eminence in different branches of Government 
service. 

Judge Kelley. for the first time in a representative posi- 
tion and finding himself surrounded by so many great men, 
but depending, as was his wont, upon his own ability, at 
once came almost to the forefront, and sustained himself 
well in that early day of his Congressional service. Soon he 
was acknowledged as fit to take a prominent part in the de- 
liberations and debates of that stormy period. The great 
leader of Republicanism in the House of Representatives 
then was Thaddeus Stevens, who was, in my judgment, the 
greatesl Leader ever in Congressional life. In statesmanship, 
without detracting in the least from the reputation of others 
with whom it has been my good fortune to serve these many 
years in the House, I place him before them all. Now, in 
conscientiously considering where should stand upon the 
roll of leading members of Congress the name of my long- 
time colleague, Judge Kelley, I must inscribe it next to the 
great American commoner, Thaddeus Stevens. 

This high position I give him I believe is due to him. for 
never inmy Congressional acquaintance has any one excelled 
him in persistent acquisition of knowledge and in toiling 
without cessation through years as a Representative for the 
advancement of his country's interests. He never failed at 
any time earnestly to advance by legislation the improve- 
ment in circumstances of his own immediate constituents 
while never neglecting the people at large. So able in argu- 
ment for the abolition of slavery, so patriotic in his teachings 



16 Address of Mr. O'Neill, of Pennsylvania, on the 

for the preservation of the Union, so convincing in 
for the system of protection to American industry that eu- 
logy is exhausted. The Congressional Globe and the Con- 
gressional Record in their pages contain an imperishable 
history of William D. Kelley as a Representative in Con- 
gress. He never spoke but to enlighten his hearers and the 
country. His eloquence upon this floor at times turned ex- 
pected defeat into victory; and his voice raised to accomplish 
something for the poor and distressed, seeking individual 
legislation, rarely was in vain. 

Judge Kelley had the confidence of President Lincoln and 
his Cabinet. He was frequently called upon by them dur- 
ing the four years of the rebellion for suggestions, and his 
broad views and his convictions of right many a time were 
concurred in by those distinguished men. His faculty of 
research, his extensive reading, his gift of a never-failing 
memory, his personal visitations to almost every part of our 
country in search of information, his journeyings in Europe, 
his contact with the great men here and in many foreign 
lands taught him as few men have been taught. He gath- 
ered facts from every source and brought them into use with 
great effect upon all subjects upon which he wrote or spoke. 
This devotion to the acquisition of knowledge made him a 
statesman. Such, in my estimation, must be the manner of 
life of any one who wishes to accomplish statesmanship. 

Upon the subject of protection, in my opinion, his acquaint- 
ance with its details was far beyond that of any of his asso- 
ciates in Congressional life, and was not surpassed, in my 
opinion not equaled, even*by those from whom he first learned 
tin' principles of the system. Indeed, the tariff was his hobby 
above and beyond every other subject to which he turned his 
attention. What we owe to those who have hobbies ! Knowl- 
edge would progress slowly were it not for the devotion of 



Life and Character of II II Ham D. Kelley. 1 7 

earnest men to the study of some one great subject and the 
promulgation of their researches to the world. 

Notwithstanding the constant hourly and daily occupation 
of Judge Kelley in the duties of his Representative life, he 
was prompted to take from his busy moments sufficient time 
to write and edit works upon the topics which engrossed his 
mind. Thus he gave to the public the stores of information 
his industry had accumulated, especially so upon the ques- 
tion of protection. To read his publications is to learn the 
soundness of a system which has given prosperity to our 
country and made us the chosen of the earth. 

Did we ever realize that years were passing 011 in the life 
of our distinguished friend? Did we look upon him as one 
who was showing the advance of age and decreasing in 
physical strength or mental vigor:-' That graceful form, 
that lightness of step which all of us so often noticed as he 
crossed this floor, that bright and unclouded mind kept out 
of our thoughts even the idea that he had passed far beyond 
three-score years and ten. Not until a few months before 
his death could I, his intimate friend, I who saw him and 
conversed with him almost every day during the sessions of 
tin' Congresses in which we have served, observe any such 
decided change in his health as to give me undue alarm. 

As late as the 13th day of last September, when he and I, 
in New York, as members of the funeral committee, fol- 
lowed to the grave our dear friend, Samuel S. Cox, his hope 
of active service in the Fifty-first Congress had not entirely 
departed. I saw him several times afterwards in Philadel- 
phia; but still later, in an interview with him at the house 
of his daughter, only a few days before he started for Wash- 
ington to take his seat in the House, did I feel that he had 
lost strength, seemed discouraged, and that watchful care 
alone would enable him to undergo the never-ending anxi- 
H. Mis. 229—2 



i8 Address of Mr. 0> Neill, of Pennsylvania, on the 

eties which the session would bring upon him. Snch a 
change in him between early in September and late in No- 
vember last I could scarcely realize. 

It was not until after the organization of the House that 
increasing physical weakness led him to decline serving upon 
the Committee of Ways and Means, of which he had once 
been chairman and had served so many years as one of its 
members. His friends noticed his depression of spirits, and, 
he having lust that natural buoyancy and liveliness which had 
ever made him a cheerful companion, their hearts began to 
fail them and the)' feared thai he might not be long among 
them. A man whose patriotic ambition had given him years 
of honor was evidently lingering out but a few remaining 
days of life. 

I never knew Judge Kelley to be ambitious but for an 
acknowledgment of service advantageous to the people. 
His aspirations never led him to wish for or to seek the 
Speakership of the House. He, at times, when approached 
by his immediate Republican colleagues to permit them to 
present his name to the general caucus as Pennsylvania's 
choice for that high position, ever declined. Likewise he 
never expressed a wish to be transferred to the Senate. His 
idea of Congressional service was upon the floor of the 
House, always asserting that continued elections bythe peo- 
ple of his district covered the fullness of his ambition. So 
he had his wish. He alone, of all men living or dead, 
received fifteen consecutive elections to the House of Rep- 
resentatives. 

Judge Kelley not only in speech was true to the preser- 
vation of the Union, but in practical service. In the emer- 
gency call of September, 1862, he enlisted in an artillery 
company and with it marched to the front, when Pennsyl- 
vania was invaded, and served until its muster out. In a 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. iq 

shorl campaign he endured the fatigues of the march and 
of the camp. He shared with other privates of the com- 
pany the privations and dangers of a soldier's life and held 
as a precious relic an honorable discharge. Theexposure of 
those days and nights, in my opinion, laid the foundation 
of his fearful bronchial affection, which ended only with his 
life. He combated this disease with nerve, and never, with 
all the varied sufferings from it. did he yield in his deter- 
mination to stand up to his work, his unconquerable will 
power keeping him many a time in the performance of duty 
while most others would have given up in despair. 

His life was full of most interesting personal incidents. 
He was a positive man and he always uttered his opinions 
and sentiments. There were times and occasions when 
speech was dangerous in many parts of our country, but in 
the fulfillment of duty to principle he went wherever called 
upon to speak for the cause of the Union. His fearlessness 
disarmed his enemies, and under the greatest excitements 
he was given hearings, for his perseverance in the right 
commanded the respect of those from whom he differed. 

How many a time I have heard him in a conversational 
way recount his experiences, and co gifted was he in inter- 
esting statement that he never tired his ever-ready listeners. 
He was truly a complete social companion, and he enjoyed 
life in a superlative degree. He was of a quick tempera- 
ment, which I ascribe to his long suffering, but no one ever 
reacted in manner sooner, and if an imagined hurting of the 
feelings of any one was told him he never failed to seek out 
the person injured and to evince the greatest kindness and 
readiness to hear and oblige if possible. 

But. Mr. Speaker, the ending of his life was approaching. 
To a friend it was slow of belief, but it was sure to come. 
How could I, after twenty-five years of the closest compan- 



20 Address of Mr. CNeiU, of Pennsylvania, on /he 

ionship here, become satisfied that before long my associa- 
tions with Judge Kelley, my friend and my colleague, were 
to cease ? At last I learned from his own lips the progress 
of his disease. Even by his friends he disliked to be asked 
about his health, so sensitive had he become. He knew 
that, however solicitous and anxious they were, his days on 
earth were not many, and in his love for them he wanted to 
keep from them, as much as he could, his helpless condition. 

Sitting by him at the dinner table at the Riggs House but 
a few days before the Christmas vacation, in a conversation 
I had with him about the recess, he knowing I. would spend 
it in Philadelphia, said that he would not, as he thought he 
would have more rest in Washington, and that his wife was 
coming to him. In a moment of extreme depression, and to 
my great surprise, he said to me : ' ' How difficult I am find- 
ing it to talk much; but, my dear, long-time friend, I want to 
tell you that I am a dead man; yes, to tell you, but please do 
not repeat it to others. Oh," said he, "if my life can only 
be spared until after the holidays, how thankful to my God 
I will be. I so much desire that the shadow of death may 
not be upon the households of my dear children and grand- 
children to mar their Christmas enjoyments and to dai-ken 
in my family the brightness of that festive time."' 

Dear colleague, your life was prolonged beyond that gay 
season. The wife who was with you, the children and 
grandchildren who were at their homes, had not to mourn 
your death until a later day. 

To me tin- shock of this, as it were, confidential commu- 
nication was terrible. The composure with which he spoke 
these words. "'I am a dead man," unnerved me. and I can 
never forget them. Soon he took to the bed from which he 
was not to arise again. A devoted wife, sorrowing sons and 
daughters, cared for and nursed him until the last moment 



Life and Character of II 'illiam D. Kelley. 2 1 

lie was permitted to live. He suffered greatly at times dur- 
ing these dying days, but there was no murmuring. He 
knew that his end was coming, but lie realized that there 
was One to whom he could look for ease and comfort in the 
passing hours of his trials on earth, and calling time and 
again upon the Lord Jesus Christ, his Divine Lord and 
Saviour, and repeating over and over, by day and by night, 
tlic Lord's prayer, taught him by his Christian mother, he 
breathed away his life in calmness and composure. 



ADDRESS OF MR. HOLMAN, OF INDIANA. 

Mr. Speaker: When on the 4th day of March, 1861, 
Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated Presidenl of the United 
States of America ami the Thirty-sixth Congress expired, 
there was a great multitude of people at this Capitol; there 
was some display of enthusiasm such as is incident to a 
great event, but there was a subdued feeling in the minds of 
all men that the issue which the founders of the Republic 
could only postpone, which statesmanship for three-quarters 
of a century could only hold in abeyance, must be decided 
by an appeal to arms; that the hour of revolution was at 
hand. Multitudes visited the tomb of Washington as if to 
revive their love for the Union at the shrine of the immortal 
patriot. With anxiety and foreboding men sought to con- 
jed are what, from the gathering storm of human passions, 
Providence would bring forth. 

On the 4th day of July, 1861, a day that will be consecrated 
to human liberty as long as the race shall endure, by the 
pn iclamation of the President of the United States, Congress 
assembled in extraordinary session at the Capitol. It was a 



22 Address of Mr. Holman, of Indiana, on the 

memorable meeting of Congress. The Republic, resting so 
long in safety in the security of peace, was already in the. 
throes of war; the clash of arms could almost be heard from 
the portals of this Capitol. The seats in this Hall w<mt t < ► 
1m • c h jcupied by the Representatives of ten States of the Union 
were vacant. No great crowds of people tilled the corridors 
or galleries. The insignia of war were upon every hand. 
Union soldiers were encamped in this capital. 

Anxiety and a sense of high responsibility pervaded both 
halls of Congress. Yet there was from the beginning a 
living confidence, both in House and Senate, that the Union 
of the States would survive the shock and come forth from 
the gathering darkness in unimpaired grandeur and strength. 

The lines of the greatest of American poets well expressed 
the confidence and enthusiasm of the two Houses of Congress 
at that memorable meeting on the 4th day of July, 1801: 

Thou. too. sail on, O Ship of State ! 
Sail oii.O Union, strong ami gr< at '. 
Humanity with all its fears, 
With all the hopes of future years, 
Is hanging breathless on thy fate ! 

In spite of rock and tempest roar. 

In spite of false lights on the shore, 

Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea! 

Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee; 

Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, 

Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, 

Are all with thee — are all with thee ! 

On that 4th day of July, 1861, William D. Kelley first 
entered this Hall as a member of the House. The unseen 
forces in the great current of human affairs — forces of which 
men seem unconscious, which underlie physical revolutions, 
and ever bear onward the human race to a higher and better 
life — were organizing events which statesmanship could not 



Life and Character of II 'illiam D. Kelley. 23 

perceive. Statesmen and politicians were "building better 
than they knew." 

In the political contest of 1860 an unusual number of able 
men were chosen by the people to represent them in this 
Hall. The great political party, the counsels of whose 
statesmen had in the main guided the affairs of the Republic 
in former years, was broken into fragments. New men took 
charge of the ship of state. Pennsylvania furnished to the 
House in the Thirty-seventh Congress a very able body of 
men. Of Republicans there were Thaddeus Stevens, John 
Hickman, John Covode, James K. Moorhead, and Galusha 

A. Grow, who was elected Speaker, already experienced legis- 
lators ; William D. Kelley, Edward McPherson, William 
Morris Davis, and others, all of whom were destined to play 
an important part in public affairs. Of Democrats, Hendrick 

B. Wright, the successor of George W. Scranton, the founder 
of the city of his name, whose early death in the midst of a 
career of great usefulness caused deep and sincere public 
sorrow ; Philip Johnson. Sydenham E. Ancona, and others, 
men of high merit, who made honorable records in this 
Hall. 

It might be supposed, in view of their long service, that 
I had omitted the names of Samuel J. Randall and Charles 
O'Neill, but the entry of those distinguished gentlemen into 
the public service did not occur until the opening of the 
Thirty-eighth Congress, two years after Judge Kelley 
became a member of the House. 

Having been acquainted with the predecessor of Judge 
Kelley, after the House organized I went over and formed 
his acquaintance. We talked of his predecessor, of whom 
he spoke in high commendation ; we talked of the condition 
of our country and the exigencies of the hour. I soon saw 
the spirit and high aspirations of the new member from 



24 Address of Air. Ho/man, of Indiana, on the 

Pennsylvania. He talked freely ; there was no halting in 
his convictions. 

He looked into the future without doubt or apprehension. 
The Union was safely intrenched in the affections and hopes 
of the people, and no revolution could be strong enough to 
even weaken the foundations on which the fathers had erected 
the structure. The fierce conflict impending would open up 
a new era ; the slavery of the African, the only obstacle 
which in the beginning clouded the hopes of the fathers of 
a perpetual union of the Sta!es, would perish. Unconscious 
forces, under the command of Providence, were to open up 
in the North American Continent a scene of unexampled 
grandeur. I could not but admire his enthusiasm. Judge 
Kelley, as I saw him on that -1th day of July, 1861, was in 
the very blooni of confident manhood. The mysterious 
power of hope illuminated to him the scenes of the coming 
years with rays of golden light. He impressed me in that 
brief interview with the conviction that with opportunity 
he would impress his views and opinions on affairs and poli- 
cies of Government. 

I was charmed with Judge Kelley, though I did not fully 
concur in his views or feel the confidence he expressed in the 
future of our country, while rejoicing in the hope he ex- 
pressed. His bearing then, as always afterwards, was pleas- 
ant and courteous; his manner genial, not much inclined to 
self-assertion, but in a degree diffident; yet his manner ex- 
pressed confidence in himself; with a pleasant and kindly 
face, a bright, sagacious eye that seemed to see everything 
transpiring, and yet at moments with an absent expression; 
with a charming voice, under wonderful control and of great 
compass, that in after years on countless occasions was to 
reach every nook of this great Hall, and which men would 
always stop to hear ; such was Judge Kelley as I recall him 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 25 

to my mind after this long interval of nearly twenty-nine 
years. 

Judge Kelley's record in Congress is in the main con- 
fined to three great subjects — the abolition of slavery, the 
currency, and the tariff. He was as determined, steadfast, 
and practical in his support of the abolition of slavery in 
our country as was Charles Sumner in the Senate or Thad- 
dcus Stevens in the House, or as Wilberforce or the poet 
Montgomery were for its abolition in the British Possessions. 
He was intensely hostile to slavery from the time he became 
a member of the House. 

I think he allied himself with the Republican party be- 
cause In- believed that that party would in the main embody 
and express the anti-slavery sentiment of the American 

1 pie. He sympathized keenly with the down-trodden and 

the miserable. He believed in the capacity of all men for 
progress and improvement, that all men should have an 
opportunity to better their condition, and that the distinct- 
ive glory of the Christian religion was that it taught the 
unity of the human race, that all men were brethren. He 
hated all forms of human servitude; he would raise up the 
lowly and give them an opportunity to assert their man- 
hood; hence he championed the measure for arming the slave 
that he might strike for his own liberty ; he would liberate 
ami enfranchise the slave because he was a man. He be- 
lieved in the human race ; he saw in the convulsions which 
overthrew hoary-headed distinctions among men, in the 
fierce antagonisms between rival States, the wrecks of revo- 
lution, the everlasting and feverish unrest in the social as 
well as the political world, only the outward expression of 
the aspirations of the human heart for a purer atmosphere, 
for social life a larger liberty and a juster recognition of 
the natural ecpiality and manhood of mankind ; the race 



26 Address of Mr. Ho/man, of Indiana, on the 

ever struggling to be better. He would have said with 
Longfellow, making the race the " Poet, Prophet, Seer :" 

In their feverish exultations. 

In their triumph and their yearning, 

In their passionate pulsations, 

In their words among the nations, 

The Promethean fire is burning. 

Judge Kelley saw with exultation, emerging from the 
wreck of war. the accomplishment of the purpose to which 
he had devoted the earlier period of his life, the slave eman- 
cipated and enfranchised and representatives of the race in 
both Halls of Congress. 

He was a valuable associate of Thaddeus Stevens in the 
contest in Congress as to the form in which the national debt 
should be created. He stood firmly with Mr. Stevens in de- 
manding that the currency which should meet the enormous 
requirements of the war should be issued in the form of 
legal-tender Treasury notes, convertible into public securi- 
ties, the principal and interest of which should be payable 
in the same currency; hence his opposition to the national- 
bank system. 

Mr. Stevens, the author of the legal-tender system of cur- 
rency (greenbacks), was only partially successful in secur- 
ing the adoption of his system in 1802. Judge Kelley 
adhered to it without faltering, and went at a later period to 
the verge of a rupture with his party in its defense. Expe- 
rience has demonstrated that the plan of Mr. Stevens would 
have resulted greatly to the advantage of the people. 

While the statesmen in Congress were ransacking every 
field of property and industry for subjects for taxation to 
meet the demands on the Treasury the question of the tariff 
gave rise to but little discussion. 

At a later period, when the public debt was materially 
reduced and it was obvious that the resources of the coun- 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 27 

try would readily meet every demand on the Treasury, the 
tariff became a subject of absorbing interest. In the mean 
time Judge Kelley had become a great master o'f political 
science from the stand-point of the great party with which 
he was associated. He explored every field of learning and 
experience bearing upon the subject, and for twenty years 
he has been a bigh authority on all questions bearing upon 
the tariff as a means and method for promoting American 
industry. Hi. elaborate speeches on that subject display 
great ability and inexhaustible industry. He must lie re- 
garded as one of the greatest and best informed advocates of 
that policy our country has produced. 

Judge Kelley is justly entitled to be classed as a states- 
man of a very high order. He was not a politician in the 
sense in which that term is commonly used; he was not sub- 
servient as a partisan. He stood by his convictions of pub- 
lic duty without hesitation. He parted with his political 
friends, under a sense of duty, on the currency question, in- 
different to the result. He refused, with dignified courtesy, 
to employ his time required in the public service to securing 
appointments to office of political associates. He served a 
great constituency in a great city in the high duties of a 
member of this House for over twenty-eight years, and that, 
too, without interruption, a longer period of service than 
has Keen known in this House since the beginning, over a 
century ago, and had he lived to the close of this Congress 
his service would have reached thirty years, and that, too, 
during a period crowded with a. greater number of great 
events beneficial to mankind than any other period of the 
world's history. He has made a great record on great and 
historical questions. He came into this Hall when clouds 
of war covered the whole land and the Union was in mortal 
peril. He lived to see his country prosperous and united, 



28 Address of Mr. Mills, of Texas, on the 

every State of the Union in its place, the asperities of war 
supplanted by the kindly relations of a united people, and 
peace and brotherly kindness overshadowing the great States 
of the Union — 

Like the protecting hand of God inverted above them. 
He left this Hall for the last time, bending under the 
weight of years employed in the service of his country, con- 
scious of possessing the affectionate regards of all the mem- 
bers of this great assemblage. His political opponents as 
well as his political friends alike join in sentiments of honor 
to his memory. Surely, this is a fortunate termination of a 
long and valuable life. 

Hon. N. P. Banks, of Massachusetts, paid a very eloquent 
and touching tribute to his long-time friend and associate of 
the House of Representatives, which made upon his hearers 
an impression not soon to be forgotten. No more feeling 
expressions were uttered by any of the eulogists than came 
from the lips of General Banks. 



Address of Mr. Mills, of Texas. 

Mr. Speaker: When we pay the last tribute of respect to 
the memory of William D. Kelley our minds naturally 
recur to the period of our history through which his service 
extended. His Congressional career began on the 4th of 
March, 1861, and ended with his life on the 9th of January, 
1890. He was chosen a Representative for thirty consecu- 
tive years, and was a member of the House for nearly 
twenty-nine years. Dining a large part of that time the 
country was passing through the most trying ordeal that 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 29 

had ever occurred in its history. After his first election 
and before his induction into office some of the States had 
declared the bands of political union dissolved, and soon 
after the fratricidal struggle began. No one supposed it 
was to assume such gigantic proportions or to last so long. 

The wisest statesmen on either side never dreamed of the 
limitless military power of the country or the extent to 
which it would be called into action. But it was soon dem- 
onstrated that vast armies were to be levied, organized, 
equipped, and supported; that quartermaster, commissary, 
medical, and ordnance stores were to be provided for the 
largest military establishment ever known on the earth. All 
these had to be created by Congress, and with as little delay 
as possible. 

Beyond these demands, and what was more perplexing 
and difficult of accomplishment, a financial system had to 
be improvised to meet the daily drafts upon the Treas- 
ury, practically empty. In the preparation and passage of 
all these measures Judge Kelley's brain and pen bore a 
conspicuous part. He was then in the vigor of his manhood 
and tin/ zenith of his intellectual resources. He came to 
Congress well equipped for the difficult work which a great 
civil war made necessary to be done. His life had been 
spent in mental toil. Books had been his constant compan- 
ions. Few of his associates were as well up in the knowl- 
edge of the country and its resources as he. and few of them 
made their influence so potent in the legislation of the coun- 
try, in devising the means to prosecute the war and supply 
the army with the men and material necessary to make it 
efficient. 

Unhappily for the country, the difficulties which con- 
fronted Congress did not cease with the termination of the 
conflict. The war left a large debt as a part of its inher- 



3<3 Address of Mr. Mi//s, of Texas, on the 

itance. To preserve the public credit means had to be pro- 
vided to meet its annual interest and provide for its gradual 
extinction. The conquered States had to be restored to the 
Union. Their governments had to be reorganized. The 
passions and resentments engendered by civil war had to be 
allayed, wounds had to be soothed and healed, and the peo- 
ple who had been belligerents had to be reunited in the same 
( h ivernment. The problem was filled with difficulties to the 
brim, and it required for its solution more than ordinary 
statesmanship. 

It could hardly be a matter of surprise that mistakes were 
made, and mistakes which it would have required extraordi- 
nary wisdom and extraordinary virtue and extraordinary 
leaders to have avoided. They were such as were common 
among the English-speaking people in the hour of triumph 
over their revolted kinsmen. The terms of restoration were 
harsh, and the manner of their enforcement still harsher. 
The rehabilitation, both political and social, would have been 
more quickly and more easily accomplished if the hand that 
wielded the power had been more softly gloved. 

Wiser ami more desirable as the milder course would have 
been, yet in the light of the experience of other peoples simi- 
larly situated who had fallen under the edge of the sword, 
it was not to be expected. It required time after the storm 
had stilled for the billows to cease to roll and break over the 
surface of the troubled w T aters. The lawless surges when 
I li- \ loll do not consider natural orpolitical rights, butsweep 
wildly over everything in their course. 

In recalling the history of reconstruction I do not do so in 
any spirit of complaint. It was oneof the inevitable results 
of ei\ il war. and while it might have been made a brighter 
period in our history, yet it might have been made on the 
other hand infinitely darker. When all those now living are 



Life and Character of 11 'illiam D. Kelley. 31 

sleeping in their graves, and the generations yet in the womb 
shall have come into being and occupied our places: when 

all hate and resentment left as inheritance from the struggle 
shall sleep the sleep that knows no breaking, then our chil- 
dren and children's children will point with pride to the fact, 
as it will stand recorded in the annals of their country, that 
but a few years after the struggle the distinguished chief- 
tains that led the opposing armies in the field and the states- 
men that directed the counsels of the opposing governments 
sat together in the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the restored Union and of a re-united people. 

Perhaps in scanning the pages of the records of the House 
they will feel a thrill of pleasure when they see that its mem- 
bership was assembled in its Hall on the L5th of March, 1 89i >, 
to render funeral honors to one of the most distinguished 
statesmen of the Union; one whose hand had steadied the 
helm when the ship of state, in the convulsion of the con- 
flict, was riding out the storm and slowly but surely coming 
into the harbor of safety: that more than one hundred of 
those that stood about his bier had borne arms against the 
innent when the terrible conflict was on, and now, 
when it was over and ended forever, were as ready and as 
willing, if occasion required, to devote life and fortune to 
the service of the Union. 

The party to which Judge Kellev belonged and of which 
he was a distinguished leader was iu possession of the Gov- 
ernment and charged with the responsibilities of all legis- 
lation affecting the reconstruction and restoration of the 
revolted States. In all its plans and policies I have no doubt 
he fully concurred, feeling that it was the course which pru- 
dence dictated as the wisest and besl ; hut it may he said to 
his credit that he did not feel constrained on every occasion 
to add to the harshness of the measures by railing accusa- 



32 Address of Air. Mills, of Texas, on the 

tions thrown in the faces of the people iipon whom they were 
to be enforced. 

This to them will be a bright spot in his memory and one 
which they will recall with grateful feelings. He was not 
revengeful in his nature. Hate and resentment found no 
resting-place in his heart. Thank God, the hearts in which 
they still live are lessening in number day by day, and it is 
fervently hoped that the day is not distant when they shall 
wholly disappear, and from one end of the Republic to the 
other we shall feel the ties of fraternal affection binding us 
together in one indissoluble bond of family union. 

During the long period of my service with Judge Kelley 
here I am glad to say that I can not recall an instance in 
this Hi mse or out of it where he ever uttered cruel or unkind 
words of the people among whom I live. Throughout his 
whole public life he was the advocate and defender of meas- 
ures directly opposite to everything they held dear to them, 
lit- opposed slavery, and never for one moment let his oppo- 
sition sleep. He urged its abolition. He favored the en- 
franchisement of the negro. He supported all the measures 
he thought were necessary to secure these ends, but in doing 
so In' taught a lesson others might learn, that one could sup- 
port harsh measures without using harsh words. He knew 
how to be severe when provoked. No man had better com- 
mand of vigorous English than he. His abstaining from 
its use was not from want of capacity but from want of 
inclination. 

During his public life he spoke and wrote on all the great 
questions that came before Congress, but he will be especially 
remembered for his able advocacy of the restriction of for- 
eign commerce and the protection of American manufactures 
against foreign competition. This was the thought that 
never slept in his brain. It accompanied him wherever he 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 33 

went and only left kirn when the lamp of life had burned 
down into the ashes of old age and was extinguished. He 
believed in it with all his heart. He accepted without reser- 
vation all the articles of faith embraced in its creed. To 
study it in all its phases and to support it in all its conflicts 
was to him a labor of love. He investigated it at home and 
abroad, and felt convinced that he could trace its results in 
home and foreign industrial development. 

Everything he saw or heard or read was turned toward 
his favorite theory. It would be difficult to find anywhere 
another who had gathered so large a store of information 
about every branch of manufactures. He knew the mate- 
rials entering into the manufacture of a great number of 
products, and the different processes they passed through 
in coming to the finished article. He was not only familiar 
with the tariff history of his own country, but of that of other 
commercial countries. He was a man of extensive reading, 
of good memory, of well-disciplined mind, and a high order 
of ability. To these lie added the accomplishments obtained 
by travel in foreign lands and familiar acquaintance with 
the character, habits, ami business of foreign peoples. 

My acquaintance with Judge Kelley began in the Forty- 
third Congress. He was then an able and aggressive de- 
hater. Mini stood easily among the ablest and best in the 
House. In his later years the infirmities of age and the de- 
pressing effects of disease made him averse to the struggles 
of the intellectual arena. As age and the feebleness that 
follows in its train grew upon him he became a silent mem- 
ber, rarely participating in debate, and confining his legis- 
lative work to casting kis vote for suck measures as met the 
approval of his judgment. 

His work is now done. Tke trust wkick lie kept so long is 
ended. Tke office wkick he filled for so many years and 
H. Mis. 229—3 



34 Address of Mr. Mills, of Texas, on the 

with so much distinction returns to his constituency, his 
body to the dust from which it sprang, and his spirit to the 
God who gave it. All that is mortal of William D. Kelley 
now peacefully sleeps in the midst of those whom he served 
so long, and whose will and opinions he so faithfully repre- 
sented. 

As a Representative his continuous service surpassed that 
of any other member of the House from the organization of 
the body. I have served with him here nearly seventeen 
years. Eight years of that time we have been members of 
the same committee, and during all the time of our long 
acquaintance on terms of uninterrupted personal friendship. 
In politics we were opposites, but differences in political 
opinions were fought out in the political arena and never dis- 
turbed our social relations. We have often spoken of his 
long service in the House. Some years ago I said to him 
that I supposed that no member of the House had served 
as long as he had. He replied that he had thought so him- 
self, but on investigating the subject he found that Nathaniel 
Macon, of North Carolina, was ahead of him. 

Mr. Macon was elected to the House for fourteen consecu- 
tive terms, but before he had served out the twenty-seventh 
year he was chosen a Senator and continued his long service 
in the other branch of Congress. Judge Kelley lived to 
pass the term of three-score and ten allotted to man and to 
go beyond the long period of service here by the illustrious 
citizen of North Carolina. The rolls of the House show that 
of the thousands of Representatives who have served in the 
House only Kelley, Macon, and Cox, among the dead, and 
Randall. O'Neill, and Holman, among the living, have held 
that high honor for a quarter of a century. 

The long life of Judge Kelley was full of public service 
and public honors. Throughout the whole period of his 



Life and c 'haracter of 11 r illiam D. Ke.lley. 35 

public career lie enjoyed the unshaken confidence and affec- 
tion of the people among whom he lived and for whom he 
labored so zealously and so long. And now, when life's fit- 
ful fever is over, like a tired laborer after a long day's toil, 
he returns to his home in the gathering shadows of the even- 
ing, and lies down to quiet and peaceful slumbers. 



ADDRESS OF MR. MCKINLEY, OF OHIO. 

Mr. Speaker : I can not refrain from claiming for a mo- 
ment or two the attention of the House to bring my tribute 
of respect and affection to my old friend, for whom living I 
had the most affectionate regard and whose death takes from 
all of us an honorable associate, a wise counselor, and from 
some of us a very close and dear friend. I first met Judge 
Kelley iii the Forty-fifth Congress. In the following Con- 
gress I was associated with him on the Committee on Ways 
and Means, and from that time until the close of the last 
< longress I served with that distinguished statesman on the 
committee to which he devoted so much of the labor of his 
life, and with whose business, for almost a quarter of a cen- 
tury, he will be always remembered. 

No eulogy which I will speak can do justice to the noble 
life which has closed. His life-work is his highest eulogy; 
what la- wn >ught for his fellow-men and the impress he made 
upon the legislation of the country will be his best and most 
enduring memorial. That which most impressed me in my 
long acquaintance with him was his thoroughness, his in- 
dustry, his capacity for work, his sturdy integrity, his wide 
range of information. Every subject he touched he became 
masterof. Not contentwith scratching the crust merely, he 



36 Address of Mr. McKinley, of Ohio, on the 

penetrated the strata and foundation, and his public speeches 
and contributions to magazines evidenced a grasp of the sub- 
jects he was considering which few men possess. He was a 
great student and did his work with method, and therefore 
witli dispatch. The long hours he gave to his public duties, 
to the critical investigation of the questions with which he 
was charged as a member of the House, will never be known, 
and they told awfully upon his strength. His work in his 
committee was of the most laborious character; the days 
were too short, and the nights which should have been given 
to rest were exacted by the stern demands of duties placed 
upon him. 

His intellectual resources were almost without limit. His 
knowledge of economic, financial, and scientific questions 
was vast and comprehensive. He was not only a reader of 
books and of current literature, but a keen and intelligent 
observer of forces, of causes, and events. Scarcely a sub- 
ject could be discussed with which he was not familiar and 
which was not illuminated from his store-house of knowl- 
edge. His work in the Forty-seventh Congress as chair- 
man of the Committee on Ways and Means so drained his 
vital forces as to be the beginning of that physical impair- 
ment which ended in his death. It was a fearful draught 
upon his strength. 

As a student and master of political economy he was prob- 
ably without a superior in the present generation, and as 
the advocate of the doctrine of protection he was for twenty 
years the unquestioned leader; always in the very front 
rank and on the extreme outpost. He was devoted to the 
principle, because it was a conviction with him, and because 
he believed it would best subserve the interests of his fellow- 
citizens and secure the highest prosperity of his country. 
His name in that field of public duty will pass into history 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 37 

linked with the name of that other great protectionist, 
Henry Clay. 

As an orator, at his best he was powerful and persuasive. 
His voice was full and musical, his sentences clear and rhe- 
torical, his information and illustration striking and force- 
ful. I recall some of his speeches in this Hall as the most 
impressive I have ever listened to; and whether on this 
floor or on the hustings, where vast crowds delighted to 
greel him. he carried his audiences by the irresistible force 
of his logic and the fervor of his eloquence. 

He was an honest man. and that after all counts most and 
i- best. Never did suspicion even fasten upon him— he was 
above it. For thirty years in public life, a member of the 
House of Representatives during the war. with its waste 
and destruction, followed by doubtful schemes and wild 
speculations ; called upon as he was to deal with great 
public and private interests and much of the time in touch 
and control of legislation which affected vast enter] irises, 
while others fell before the temptations of the hour, he 
passed through all unscathed and unsullied, uncorrupted 
and incorruptible, and leaves to his family and friends and 
his countrymen that highest of all honorable titles, an 
honesl man. 

He had a wonderful hold upon the people and upon his 
immediate constituency. For thirty years he represented 
the same district ; fifteen times in succession he was returned 
to this House by an intelligent and discriminating constit- 
uency, and while not at all times in accord upon every public 
question with those he represented, such confidence did his 
people have in his honesty and capacity and usefulness that 
they would elect no other Representative to displace him. 
This was a ran- distinction, given, I believe, to no other 
man of the present or past, no other statesman living or 



38 Address of Mr. Bingham, of Pennsylvania, on the 

dead ; and at the end he was more firmly intrenched in the 
respect and affection of his people than at any other period 
of his career. 

He devoted his whole life, his vigorous youth, his matured 
manhood, and his declining strength and energy to the pub- 
lic service, and his name will be associated with the greatest 
events of our national history. That public which he served 
so well owe him a debt which it can never repay. Men of 
all classes and conditions turned to him as their friend, and 
he served them faithfully and well. We shall miss him fr< >m 
these halls. We have already missed him. 

We will honor him most by emulating his many virtues. 



ADDRESS OF MR. BINGHAM, OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Mr. Speaker: He who took the harp of the North from 
"the witch elm that shades St. Fillan's Spring" has gone 
to sleep beneath "the pillared arches" and there is none left 
to wake the echoes of the vanished strains. 

In the death of William Darrah Kelley there passed 
away to join the unreturning caravan, "to where, beyond 
these voices, there is rest," not only one of the most distin- 
guished members of our body, but one of the most conspic- 
uous figures that have stood in public life as a subject of 
popular attention during the last half of this eventful cen- 
tury. 

Although his life was lustrous with grand achievements, 
and his career masterful and almost matchless, it is not my 
purpose to review it in detail. His noble characteristics, 
his unremitting labor and tireless toil, a life-work rounded, 
are better perpetuated in the lasting annals of our Gov- 
ernment than I could preserve them in the most glowing 



Life and ( liaracter of II Hlliam D. Kelt y. 39 

rhetoric that faithful friendship could inspire or intimate 
association dictate. 

Judge Kellev was in public life and wearing the deserved 
emblems of an honored position ere 1 had passed "the dreams 
of childhood days." He had conquered more than the ordi- 
nary obstacles of life ere I had mastered the common I ks 

of school-boy days. He had won grand triumphs ere many 
of us had put on the armor of warfare. He had abandoned 
a distinguished office ere many whom I address had aspired 
to the responsibilities of public avocation. 

I might well say of him. as the celebrated Talon said of the 
still more celebrated D'Augesscau > >n hearing his first speech 
at the bar. "I would willingly end as that young man com- 
menced.*' 

He was of an ambitious, heroic, rugged, stern, and ag- 
gressive mold of character. "He wore the white flower of 
a blameless life," while but few roses made glad or marked 
his pathway of duly. 

He preferred to sow with the sowers rather than luxuriate 
with the harvesters. He preferred to march with the 
plodding phalanx rather than rejoice with the happy 
victors. He had the courage to encounter the nn>st valiant 
gladiators of the arena, and the ability to vanquish the 
grandest champions of the forum. With his native ability 
and his natural attributes it were impossible for him to be 
the inert observer when he had the opportunity of becoming 
the aggressive actor. He was by his rich endowments, 
laborious training, and full learning, "the law's whole 
thunder born to wield.*' 

But his restless genius and wise ambition prompted him 
to seek for greater laurels in wider fields. He was restless 
under the quiet duties which the functions of judicial life 
imposed. He doffed the spotless ermine, the noblest emblem 



40 Address of Mr. Bingham, of Pennsylvania, on the 

that pertains to the dignified domain of jurisprudence, to 
don the buckler and contend for the more uncertain chaplets 
that crown the varied achievements of honorable statesman- 
ship. He passed from the forum of the bar to the halls of 
legislation and. omn ium assensu, became the head and front 
of those who professed to comprehend and control the legis- 
lation which involved the political economy of our Govern- 
ment. 

The reputation he made in this field of strife and labor 
will survive untarnished by time as a lasting tribute to his 
memory and a living guide for his successors. He has hung 
along the highways of legislation no dim, flickering, or un- 
certain lights. His protracted experiences, large informa- 
tion, and tireless industry have and will illumine the paths 
he has traced for generations to come. They will ever exist 
as the tested and reliable Pharos on the shores of the domain 
of legislation to point the inexperienced wayfarer, and pilot 
even those who have encountered the shoals and quicksands 
that endanger the mariner on the sea of political life. He 
appreciated the full measure of public duty and official 
fidelity. He realized the great weight of every burden he 
had to bear. He shirked no peril, evaded no hazard, cir- 
cumvented no risk in the line of duty and province of 
obligation, but conscientiously wore the insignia of appointed 
avocation, fearless of confronting obstacles, daring in re- 
sources, and hopeful in favorable results. 

Let no impulsive flattery paint pictures to tint virtues, to 
mask infirmities, or exaggerate worth. But let us here in 
this Hall, where to all his face and form were so familiar, 
with 1 lowed heads and reverent hearts, do full justice to the 
memory of one who has filled no small space in the world's 
history and who everywhere and under all circumstances, 
regardless of personal bias or partisan prejudice, has invoked 



Life and ( 'haracter of William />. Kelley. 41 

by his illustrious and pre-eminent record the homage of the 
faithful, the gratitude of the generation, and the tears of the 
loving 1" embalm a character that may well be our cloud by 
day and pillar of fire by night. He lias passed to the sleep that 
knows no awakening, and to the dreamless rest that furnishes 
no heralds. As he came from the unknown so he has 
journeyed to the inscrutable, playing his common part in 
the act of humanity which the great Jehovah permits in our 
brief earthly sojourn, which is but a flash of light between 
two great darknesses, the whence and the whither. 



ADDRESS OF MR. WILSON, OF WEST VIRGINIA. 

Mr. Speaker: I shall not attempt to rehearse the life of 
Judge Kelley or to present an estimate of his services as 
legislator and statesman. Such a review and such an esti- 
mate come more appropriately and with far more authority 
from those who served longer with him in this House, or 
who were brought nearer to him in their service than my- 
self. Indeed. I can not claim to have enjoyed more than 
the formal acquaintance that grows out of membership of 
the' same body, until 1 found myself, at the beginning of the 
last Congress, seated just opposite to him at the table of the 
Committee on Ways and Means. That association, or per- 
haps I should with more acciiracy say that opposition, which 
brought us into constant antagonism in the work of the 
committee and in our views of the great public cpiestions 
that occupied so much of the time of the Fiftieth Congress, 
gave rise, as frecpiently happens in this House, to a cordial 
and pleasant friendship that was never checked or strained 
by these open and avowed differences of political opinion. 

In a large body like this, where the two parties not only 



42 Address of Mr. 11 '//sou, of West Virginia, on the 

sit widely apart but in semi-hostile array, close social inter- 
mingling is the exception rather than the rule. The free 
and intimate association of the committees, where most of 
the real work of legislation is done, plays a needed and use- 
ful part in tempering the asperities of partisan conflict and 
of individual antagonism. 

Such close contact, even for a single Congress, is a test 
that settles forever our estimate of colleagues and opponents 
and sets in unchanging colors our feelings toward them. 

If it occasionally confirms and hardens previous dislikes, 
it no less frequently replaces prejudice with warm and un- 
fading friendship. I esteem it. Mr. Speaker, one of the most 
precious fruits of service here that I have garnered from my 
committee associations friendships which political concord 
does not enhance and political antagonism can not mar or 
destroy. It is to the memory of such a friendship that I 
bring a very humble but a very sincere tribute to-day. 

From the beginning of my anpiaintance with Judge Kel- 
ley he was an interesting personage to me. His name had 
been a prominent one in the proceedings of Congress from 
my earliest knowledge of those proceedings. He had been 
an actor, or at least the intimate associate of actors, in all 
the recent political history of the country. 

However much advancing years and waning health had 
sapped the strength of the old warrior and compelled him, 
most reluctantly as all could see, to resign to younger hands 
the leadership of battles he had so long gloried in fighting, 
they had not tamed his ardor for the fray nor had they 
e|..u,led his memory of the past; and to hear him discourse 
of that past was like seeking history from its fountain-head, 
from one who had seen it all and his full share of it had per- 
formed. 

It was in such recitals as these that a younger colleague 



Lift Chara William D. Kelley. 43 

like myself was wont to engage him, nothing Loath, and in 
these recitals to see the kindly and genial side of a man ha- 
bitually serious if not severe, who in the contests of the 
House used weapons on which there were no foils. 

But. Mr. Speaker, it is not fitting that I should merely 
commemorate my own personal acquaintance with Judge 
KELLEY. He was not only a leading ami well-known actor 
in the debates and proceedings of this House: he had Cor 
years past been a unique and interesting figure as one who 
had enjoyed a lunger period of consecutive service than any 
,,thcr member here. To have served for nearly one-third of 
the life <.t' the Republic, to have received fifteen successive 
elections from the same people, was enough to have given 
him a prominence had he been in himself but a minor char- 
acter and an obscure personage in our proceedings. 

And no one. Mr. Speaker, will venture to assert that he 
owed this long service and this unwavering support of a sin- 
gle constituency to any servitude to a political machine, to 
any skill in political arts and management, still less by vir- 
tue of being what is unhappily becoming a somewhat famil- 
iar character in current politics, a party "boss." He held 
his seat upon the honorable terms of being the representa- 
tive of definite and well-known political ideas, which he was 
always ready to maintain, to defend, and to propagate, and 
which his political opponents thought he was only too suc- 
cessful in embodying into the laws and the fiscal policies of 
the country. In the advocacy of these ideas he represented, 
undoubtedly, the prevailing sentiment of his constituents, 
and they, having full confidence in his able and unswerving 
devotion to these ideas and in the purity and virtues of his 
private character, did not attempt to hamper, control, or 
criticise him as to his views and his action on other public 
questions. 



44 Address of Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia, on the 

Public service on such terms is an honor and a privilege 
so rare as to be coveted and to be held up to general com- 
mendation, for it is the only kind of public service that can 
produce statesmen or be highly promotive of the common 
welfare. We often witness the sudden and permanent dis- 
appearance from our legislative halls of men who are the 
ornaments of their parties and able, judicious public serv- 
ants, becau'se in some minor or unimportant question they 
have offended the whims, run counter to the private in- 
terests, or disregarded the unenlightened views of enough 
of their constituents to make a balance of power in a close 
district, while the main body of their constituents, and even 
the country at large, may bewail their disappearance as a 
public loss. 

In other countries having the representative system new 
constituencies are always ready and eager to take up such 
men and to continue them in the public service; but with us 
the highest ability, statesmanship, and merit are not able to 
lift a citizen into our Legislative Hall if a majority of the 
people of the particular district in which he happens to re- 
side do not agree with him in all his political views. A great 
British statesman, one whose memory America delights to 
honor as sincerely as his native land, when importuned by 
his constituents to follow their wishes in a minor matter as 
the condition of their continued support, uttered these noble 
words: 

I should only disgrace myself. I should lose the only tiling which can 
make such abilities as mine of any use to the world, now or hereafter. I 
mean that authority which is derived from the opinion that a member 
speaks the language of truth and sincerity, and that he is not ready to 
take up or lay down a great political system for the convenience of an 
hi iiir : that be is in Parliament to support his opinion of the public good, 
and does not form his opinion in order to get into Parliament or to con- 
tinue in it. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 45 

The city of Bristol, not willing to allow Mr. Burke this 
honorable freedom, lost his services and passed over to an- 
other and nobler constituency the honor of being represented 
by so great a man. 

The city of Philadelphia, or rather that section of it which 
he represented, was not so intolerant with Judge Kelley, 
and having found him a faithful servant, enjoyed for the 
remainder of his life his able services and the distinction of 
being represented by one of the best-known and most posi- 
tive men ir the Federal Congm -. 

Well, indeed, would it lie if such instances were less rare 
than we must confess them to be; well, indeed, for the pub- 
lic and the highest welfare of the country, if the oath of 
office to be taken and faithfully and honestly to be observed 
by the members of both Houses of Congress were like that 
which an old historian tells us was prescribed in 1621 for 
members of the council of the colony of Virginia: 

You shall in all things to lie moved, treated, and dehated in that coun- 
cil, faithfully and truly declare your mind and opinion according to your 
heart and conscience. 

It was doubtless the spirit of this oath that guided and 
illustrated the long public career of Judge Kelley. All 
honor to the generous and \viso constituency that left him 
fiee tn its guidance. All honor to the faithful servant who 
held and was willing to hold their commission upon no other 
terms. Having said this of Judge Ivellev. it is not neces- 
sary that I should make a catalogue of his virtues or attempt 
an inventory of his deeds. 



46 * Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois, on the 



Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois. 

Mr. Speaker: William D. Kelley was a force in the 
country. He stood for an economic policy which affected 
the opinions of men, controlled their action, and in its opera- 
tion reached the material interests of the citizen on the farm 
and in the factory; in the mine and in the forest, in the marts 
of trade, everywhere throughout the country where men 
followed gainful employment. Under all circumstances, at 
all times, in all places, he was true to his convictions as the 
needle to the pole. 

Mr. Kelley was in his fifteenth term of continuous serv- 
ice in the House at the time of his decease', a length of con- 
tinuous service rarely accorded to any man in Congress, 
especially in the popular body. I first made his acquaintance 
during the Forty-third Congress. He was then the Father 
of the House, and so remained until his decease. Serving 
with him for so many years, and belonging to the same 
political organization, I saw much of him, felt that I was 
well acquainted with him, believed that I had his esteem, 
as he had mine, as well as my admiration. He was at that 
time but little past the meridian; always strong mentally. 
he was then strong physically. It was his fortune to serve 
during a period in the history of the country, measuring 
time by events, that lengthened his actual service of over 
twenty-eight years into a century. 

During his service he measured arms and touched elbows 
with perhaps the greatest number of strong men that have 
been in public life in the same length of time during the 
existence of the Republic. The House of Representatives, 



Life and Character of William D. Keller. ' 47 

at all times made up in the main of the picked men of the 
country, was never stronger continuously than during his 
service. There were Sherman, Stevens. Banks, the two 
Hoars. Butler, Farnsworth, Bingham, McCrary, Blaine, 
Colfax. Garfield, Kerr, Beck, Hewitt, Potter, Cox, Lamar, 
Randall, . Morrison, Dawes, Shellabarger, and a host of 
others, veritable giants in the land, who placed the marks 
of their individuality, wisdom, and patriotism in the warp 
and woof which was woven into the history of the country. 
William D. Kelley stood during his long service the peer 
of his colleagues. No man could so stand at such a period 
and with men of such stature without having great strength, 
merit, and industry. He had all of these. 

Xat ure did much for him. Industry, care, preparation did 
more. He rarely discussed public questions without tin- 
most exhaustive preparation. In his chosen specialty his 
speeches and sayings became the text-books in popular 
discussion of the school to which he belonged. I talked 
with him many times about his service in the House. He 
was especially proud of his constituency and of its approval. 
as evidenced by his long service. He believed in his country 
and its institutions, and held that Philadelphia was the 
typical American city. He gloried in her history, pros- 
perity, and culture. It was especially a matter of pride to 
him that her artisans owned their own homes, and that her 
system of common schools was such that all the children 
received a liberal instruction and training. He believed that 
the economic system of which he was so consistent an ad- 
vocate was the foundation upon which the prosperity of the 
great mass of people securely rested. 

I will not speak further of his public record. It needs no 
commendation from me. It is written in the march of the 
industrial prosperity of the Republic. Mistaken he may 



48 Address of Mr. Camion, of Illinois, on the 

have been at times; sincere he always was. Few men in 
public life si i rarely made mistakes. 

In social life he was courteous, affable, bright. I have 
rarely met so companionable a man. For the last ten years 
of his life he had a constant conflict with disease, which, 
with age coming on, he was less able year after year to fight. 
Only his close friends knew how bravely he made the contest 
for life. He was a man who never complained or whined. 
He frequently expressed a desire to die in the harness. He 
died in the harness. 

It was my privilege to be designated by the House as one 
of those who helped to bury his remains. We took all that 
was left of William D. Kelley after life departed to the 
modest church in his loved city, where in life he had wor- 
shiped. Standing at the head of the casket containing his 
remains, his friend and pastor, Dr. Furness, himself full of 
years and almost ready to put his armor off. paid the most 
touching tribute to the memory of his dead friend and 
parishioner that it has ever been my fortune to hear. We 
then proceeded to the beautiful cemetery of Laurel Hill and 
laid him to sleep amongst friends and loved ones who had 
gone before. 

As I stood over his grave I said his life was a success. 
Comparatively poor in property, yet he had enough for 
comfort. In this respect he was above want and below 
envy. The loved ones and children who survived him, 
strong, vigorous, and willing to work honorably in life's 
contest, are rich in the heritage of a name made honorable 
in efficient service to the State. May the Eepublic in future 
be blessed by increasing numbers of public servants of the 
type of William D. Kelley! 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley 



ADDRESS OF MR. McKENNA, OF CALIFORNIA. 

Mr. Speaker: In the solemn ritual for the dead it is an- 
nounced to the living that man's life is three-score yearsand 
ten, and some by special strength may attain four-score 
years. Judge Kelley had almost that special strength- 
lived almost four-score years. But better, the strength he 
had was exerted for his country — the years he lived were 
tilled with merit and distinction, impressing "the very age 
and body of the time.** 

Such lives supersede praise. We can recount their acts. 
It is useless eulogy to extol them. To summarize Judge Kel- 
ley's life would be to summarize the greatest period of his 
country's history. He was a potent factor in it. always in 
the front rank of men. a peer of the acknowledged stn ingest. 
Yet lie was nut •' fortune's minion." His youth was one of 
responsibility and toil — his whole life one of unwearied 
industry. He was a jeweler's apprentice in Philadelphia 
from his fourteenth to his twentieth year. He had no edu- 
cation and was debarred from the schools. It would not 
have been unnatural if he had remained in routine drudgery 
and mere bread-winning. His aspiring spirit could riot !»■ 
so restrained. His strength and distinctiveness of charac- 
ter could not be obscured or subdued by any situation or 
circumstance. For study, he plucked time from the night; 
for hooks, he organized with some companions the Youth's 
Library, afterwards the Pennsylvania Literary Institute. 
Such-men help us when they help themselves; from them 
issue and grow institutions — instrumentalities of good. 

He was a journeyman jeweler in Boston, and there, while 
faithful to his manual work, his ability strengthened and 
H. Mis. 229 4 



50 Address of Mr. McKenna, of California, oh the 

took form, and his biographer tells us he was associated in 
more than one programme of lectures with Charming and 
Emerson, then ascending to the zenith of a deserved fame. 
Back again to Philadelphia, he there becomes a lawyer, and 
thereafter, forgetting or overlooking his humble commence- 
ment as he ascends to and achieves fame, we think of him 
and speak of him as jurist, legislator, and statesman. 

He was always a politician, but a politician in the best 
sense of that much-abused word. Politics engaged at once 
his enei'gies and his sympathies. In them he had to do with 
mankind and f< >r mankind. He was a natural leader besides. 
He was confident in opinion and vehement ; but his reason- 
ing was clear, consecutive, and proportioned. His physical 
characteristics assisted his mental characteristics. He was 
tall nn«l impressive looking, liis voice was full, deep, sono- 
rous, and musical, flexible to every purpose of persuasion, 
exhortation, and command. 

In my boyhood days, in my home in Philadelphia, I heard 
Judge Kellev spoken of. In my manhood, in the distant 
West, I watched and applauded his fame as it became na- 
tional. I have been his associate in Congress, and have 
witnessed the close of his noble and distinguished career — 
noble, because its impulse and purpose was patriotic; dis- 
tinguished, because great qualities were displayed in it and 
great good accomplished by it. He died a representative of 
the Republic; he died in the country's service. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley, 



ADDRESS OF MR. REILLY, OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Mr. Speaker: The very able, eloquent, and exhaustive 
tributes that have been paid to the memory and life of our 
departed colleague by the distinguished gentlemen who 
have preceded me, as well as the lateness of the hour, ad- 
monish me that I ought not to further trench upon the time 
of the House by indulging in any extended remarks, and 
that there is no necessity for it. 

Besides, the public career of Judge Kelley is so well 
known, not only to the people of his own State whom he 
served so long and well, but to the people of the entire 
country, that, as has been so aptly said bythe distinguished 
gentleman from Ohio [Mr. McKinley]. his life-work consti- 
tutes in itself his highest eulogy. 

1 first became personally acquainted with the late Judge 
Kelley at the opening of the Forty-fourth Congress, since 
which time, although differing with him politically, our 
personal relations have been more or less intimate, and at 
all times and under all circumstances, in common with his 
fellow-citizens, not only of our native State, which I have 
tic honor in part to represent on this floor, but with his 
fellow-citizens throughout the country, have joined in ad- 
miration of his illustrious career ami of the great services 
he rendered to the country and to the people. 

Mr. Speaker, lean conceive of no greater responsibility 
that can he imposed upon any man than to seat him in this 
Chamber as a legislator for this greai and mighty people. 
Under our form of government every other public official 
has a safe, plain landmark, a guide-post by which to direct 
him in the discharge of his public duties. To be the Chief 



52 Address of Mr. Reilly, of Pennsylvania, on the 

Executive of this mighty and free people is an honor that 
is exalted above any other civic station that man can be 
called to fill anywhere on the face of the globe; but great 
as is the honor and great as is the responsibility, yet the 
duties of the Chief Magistrate of the nation are but to ex- 
ecute the laws of the land as he finds them laid down in the 
statute-books. 

So also with the other co-ordinate branch of the Govern- 
ment, the Judiciary. What more exalted tribunal can the 
imagination conceive than the Supreme Court of the United 
States, a tribunal in which we expect to find and look for 
the exercise of those attributes the perfection of which is 
alone to be found in the Deity? And yet they but admin- 
ister the law, they but adjudicate the rights of the citizen 
involving life, liberty, and property, under and according 
to the written law of the land. But who, Mr. Speaker, who 
shall measure the responsibility of the law-giver; he who 
sits clothed with the great power and responsibility of legis- 
lating for the welfare of a free and independent people; he 
who holds in the hollow of his hand, as it were, the iestinies 
of a nation to be affected for weal or woe by the action of 
the Legislative Department ? 

But looking back over the career of Judge Kelley, which 
for more than a quarter of a. century had been devoted to 
the discharge of those great duties and to which he brought 
the highest and most conscientious convictions, what nobler 
tribute or greater eulogy, standing over his grave to-day, 
can we find ourselves able to pronounce than that his life- 
work was well done? 

This can be truthfully said of him, and his eulogy is 
written not alone in his life-work, in the record of his mem- 
bership in this body, but in the great services which he has 
rendered to the country and with which his name is con- 



Life and C liaracter of William D. Kellcy. 53 

nected. which will go down on the undying pages of history 
ns a tribute to his memory, to he appreciated and admired 
by every American citizen. 

Mr. Speaker, a, great career has closed; a great statesman 
and patriot has gone from amidst scenes which will know 
him no more forever. As has been stated, Judge Kelley 
entered upon his career as a legislator on the 4th day of 
July, 1861, at a time when the very life of the nation trem- 
bled in the balance. But he entered upon his duties with a 
stern sense of duty, and for more than a quarter of a century 
he has continued therein withthesarne fidelity, never falter- 
ing or wavering. During the early days of this session we 
lodged at the same hotel. He was then ailing, hut able to 
hi- about, and as 1 met him daily and inquired as to his 
health, he would answer by a despondent shake of the head 
and say, "(Trowing weaker and weaker." 

He seemed, Mr. Speaker, to realize that his end was fast 
approaching; but with that spirit of industry and energy 
which characterized his life he made desperate battle. It 
was apparent that the sands of life were nearly run. It was 
his ambition to be called hence from the place where for 
nigh on to thirty years he had so zealously labored. Under 
the dispensation of a kind Providence he had passed the 
three-score and ten allotted to man, and in the ripeness of 
years, and after devoting the three decades of his mature 
manhood to the service of his country, he calmly 
away. Peace to his ashes ! 



54 Address of Mr. Atkinson, of Pennsylvania, on the 



Address of Mr. Atkinson, of Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Speaker: He who was the senior in point of service 
in this House and first in the affections of his colleagues has 
passed away. His venerable form has disappeared from 
our midst, and his voice so familiar- to lis all has been for- 
ever hushed. A seat long occupied by the acquiescence of 
his colleagues is vacant, and a name has been stricken from 
the roll of living Representatives which has been borne 
thereon for a longer period than that of any other who ever 
served in this Hall. 

After a long life, spent mostly in the service of the people 
of his native city and of this nation, William D. Kelley 
has gone to his final rest. Could he have chosen the cir- 
cumstances of his death they would not have been different. 
Here in the performance of his duty as a Representative, 
surrounded by his family and friends, he gave back to his 
Creator the life which had been given him. Others who 
knew him longer will tell of his earlier career, of the quali- 
ties which made him an object of interest, of respect, and 
veneration; but I can not refrain from stating the impres- 
sions which he left upon me during an acquaintance extend- 
ing through more than three terms of Congress. Kind, 
considerate, and genial, he freely advised with me when as 
a new member I sought his wise counsel, and he never 
seemed to weary in placing his time at the disposal of his 
friends or in opening his rich treasure-house of learning for 
their benefit. 

Although suffering from a malady which at last ended 
his life, he knew but one measure of duty and he never left 
it unfulfilled. No important measure was presented to this 



Life and Character of II 'illiam D. Kelley. 55 

House that his vote was not recorded upon it. and few great 
problems were presented here thai were not illuminated by 
his learning and influenced by his eloquence. 

He entered Congress with, the advent of the civil war. and 
for almost thirty years his influence was felt upon this floor. 
Always ready, able, and fearless, his convictions were known 
of all men. and his views upon the great questions discussed 
were impressed upon his party, adopted in its councils, and 
indorsed by the country. A student and disciple of Henry 
C. Carey, the principles of the great American political 
economist found no abler advocate; his earnest and tireless 
advocacy of protection placed him foremost among the 
distinguished men who have maintained the duty of devel- 
oping and fostering the industries of the United States. 

No cynical maxim ever fell from his lips. He believed 
and he taught that it was the duty of the Government to 
support the people in their business enterprises, to aid them 
in developing the marvelous resources of this our common 
country, and to shield them from foreign industrial assaults. 
A friend of the workingman, he never ceased to plead for 
that policy which he believed would lighten the burdens of 
the toiler and uplift him to the highest and most solid pros- 
perity. 

No sectionalism clouded his vision, but his comprehensive 
mind contemplated the prosperity of the South as well as the 
North, and no State lines contracted his statesmanship. He 
viewed with honest pride the possibilities of the South under 
the policy of protection, and anticipated the time when the 
vast cotton production of that section should be distributed 
in beautiful fabrics, instead of in a crude form. He con- 
tributed his full share to the growth of the iron interests of 
the South and never ceased to encourage the full develop- 
ment of that section so highly favored by nature. His clos- 



56 Address of Mr. Atkinson, of Pennsylvania, on the 

ing years saw, if not the full fruition of Lis hopes, at least 
the light of that morning which precedes the advent of the 
great industrial day that will bring wealth and activity to 
the business centers of that portion of our common country. 

He was a man of strong convictions, and heart and soul a 
Republican. He bdieved in his party and its principles. A 
model of industry, his attention to his legislative duties is 
shown by the records of the House of Representatives of 
which he was so long a member. But the services rendered 
by Judge Kelley while in office do not measure the value 
of his life to the country. His views were impressed ujson 
the people by his speeches and his writings and influenced 
the action of others upon many important public questions. 

He had outlived detraction, the shafts of envy had long 
ago fallen harmless at his feet, and opposition to him was 
111 ithought of because it was known to be futile. Against 
him the defamer was powerless, and calumny exhausted her 
resources in vain. 

His long and patriotic career, his rugged honesty and 
unflinching directness of purpose had disarmed enmity, 
and he was one of the few men in public life who lived 
unassailed. He leaves a stainless name and an unblemished 
reputation. 

A living example of purity and devotion to duty, when 
death came it found him not unprepared. His career was 
complete, the affection of his countrymen secured; full of 
years and honors he passed into the night of death to'emerge, 
as we believe, into that shining realm where sorrow and dark- 
ness are unknown. 

There is no death ! What seems so is transition ; 

This life of mortal breath 
Is but a suburb of the life elysian, 

Whose portal we call Death. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 



Address of Mr. Breckinridge, of Kentucky. 

Mr. Speaker : The greatest of all human arts is the art 
of governing; the noblest of all secular enterprises is the 
experiment of free institutions. Statesmanship requires the 
exercise of the nobler qualities of mankind and elevates and 
dignifies them. It is that single pursuit which, earnestly and 
honestly and conscientiously followed, gives to every part of 
this complex nature of ours a chance for its highest develop- 
ment. That a man shall devote his life with unceasing in- 
dustry and ceaseless hive for mankind to the well-ordering of 
the greatest free nation that the world has ever seen is the 
very highest pursuit which any man could possibly follow. 

However erroneous maybe the opinions of such a man. and 
however he may be mistaken in the policies which he advo- 
cates, it' he did believe those opinions and was convinced of 
the wisdom of those policies, his life could not but be fruitful. 
However thoroughly we may disagree in this Hall with our 
colleagues who pass from it to that greater and eternal coun- 
try to which we are traveling; however fierce these contests 
may be (and the measure of their fiercenesses frequently the 
truthfulness and intensity of our respective convictions), yet 
we can not but recognize in our hearts that where our oppo- 
nents are honest they deserve our respectful commendation. 

Indeed, Mr. Speaker, there is not so much difference be- 
tween us as we sometimes think. Out of these conflicts, 
which seem to be bitter, emerges that compromise which one 
of the greatest of essayists said was " the wisest statesman- 
ship for the given day in which it was enacted." These 
differences produce their legitimate fruits; not by the con- 
quest of one side over the other, but by the concessions that 
are made that legislation may become practical. And, per- 



58 Address of Mr. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, on the 

haps, the best evidence of the growth of a free people is that 
out of these conflicts of the past have grown compromises, 
where neither side feels that defeat has been his portion, and 
where t he victorii ms side may feel that the victory that is ac- 
complished has to be maintained by concessions in the future. 

Judge Kelley's life was singularly fortunate in the ap- 
parent victory which his policies met. He was an intense 
anti-slavery man. He lived to see slavery abolished; the 
aegn i not only freed, but a voter. Yet, who can say that the 
end has been readied; for it but changed the relations of the 
races and the conditions of the problem; and that very vic- 
tory has left the most momentous question, not only in the 
South but in other States, that the future has for our chil- 
dren to answer. Judge Kelley believed in the doctrine of 
protection, and advocated it through a series of years, not 
only with entire persistency, but with unusual and conspic- 
uous ability. 

He died soon after a national victory based upon a plat- 
form of the great party of which he was one of the leaders, 
more nearly in accordance with his extreme views than any 
platform ever adopted in America. He died after the or- 
ganization of a Congress organized in consonance with his 
opinions, and the chief committee of that Congress presided 
over by the ablest scholar and pupil whom he had probably 
had in his Congressional career; and yet who will be bold 
enough to say that the victory is complete, that there is no 
further battle for the advocates of protection? Who will 
say that the problems which were in dispute can be solved 
mi the principles to which Judge Kelley*s life was devoted? 
In a sense that is personal to him his life was a series of vic- 
tories. He was for more than thirty years on the winning 
side. He knew no defeat from the time he was elected to 
Congress until his death. 



Life and diameter of William D. Kelley. 59 

Temporary obscurations in certain sections of the country 
of his party's victories bad occurred; but nothing that may 

fairly be called disaster bad ever occurred during his polit- 
ical carer to the party of which he was a member. During 
that long period he was the recipient of its honors, and. 
what was dearer to him than mere honors. he was the recip- 
ient of its praises and of its plaudits until be became nearly 
the type of its belief and its principles. 

This is a rare fortune to happen to a statesman. My friend 
from Ohio [Mr. McKinley] connected bis name this after- 
noon with the name of the great Kentuckian who filled the 
seat that I have been commissioned to sit in — that 
illustrious, and majestic leader of men who. in a long and 
illustrious life, met only honor and encountered only defeat. 
This never happened to him whose memory we celebrate 
to-day. and in that sunshine of constant victory it is not too 
much to say the qualities of Judge Kelley took on a 
brighter hue and became more vigorous than they might 

otherwise have done. 

We can not estimate the power of development that resides 
in the educational influences of this House, especially to one 
who has gained leadership upon this floor. If Judge Kelley 
hail dropped out after four, or six. or even eight years of 
service here he would have been a comparatively obscure 
man: bu1 a- he staid here lie gained in power: his power 
grew as bis reputation extended: and it is a proof of the 
value of service on this floor. 

Philadelphia has not only been generous, Mr. Speaker, 
but she lias been wise. She has not only been a model of 
generous confidence in her public servants, but she has been 
an exemplar of worldly wisdom in her political adherence 
to those who represented her here. Who can estimate bow 
much of Philadelphia's wealth, of those great blocks of 



60 Address of Mr. Kerr, of Iowa, on the 

buildings, and of that accumulated capital the evidences 
of which enchant the eye wherever yon go in Philadel- 
phia — who can estimate how much of that has come from 
the devoted service, the intelligent co-operation, the con- 
stant fidelity to her interests of those gentlemen whom she 
has kept in this Hall for the last quarter of a century or 
more? 

Mr. Kelley and Mr. Randall might fight about other 
things, but to each of them Philadelphia was the prime 
objed of affect ion; and by their efforts, with the aid of their 
colleagues, who have also been kept here for nearly a quar- 
ter of a century, whatever could be gotten was gotten for 
Philadelphia. I do not begrudge it to her. Standing, as 
it were, by the grave of her conspicuous son, hoping for the 
recovery of her living and stalwart son who. in his power, 
had the will of Jackson and the incorruptibility of the 
honest public servant, I do not begrudge anything that 
has happened of good to Philadelphia. 1 only wish that 
from this day out not only may she but all the country 
have a succession of such faithful public servants, secur- 
ing peace within her borders and prosperity beside her 
firesides. 

Address of Mr. Kerr, of Iowa. 

Mr. Speaker: I am glad to be permitted to pay a tribute 
to the memory of the distinguished statesman who for so 
many years honored the State of Pennsylvania and the 
whole country by his service in this body. Of the men who 
were members of this body when that service began only 
three now occupy seats in this Hall — the distinguished gen- 
tleman from California [Mr. Vandever], the distinguished 
gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Holman], and the distin- 
guished gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Banks]. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 61 

William D. Kelley was a type of the statesmen, more 
common in this country than elsewhere, who have come from 
the ranks of common life and who, by profound study, untir- 
ing energy, and unwavering devotion have been able to secure 

and retain the confidence of the people and thus be enabled 
to imprint their views on the policy of the nation. Thor- 
oughly devoted to the fundamental principles of our Govern- 
ment, an ardent believer in the inalienable rights of man with- 
out regard to race or creed, he became an equally firm believer 
in the doctrine that the preservation and the prestige of our 
system depended od the policy of protection as a means of se- 
curing proper remuneration to labor and of elevating Amer- 
ican character, and in the application of these principles he 
was broad and liberal in his views and rejoiced in the pros- 
perity of his countrymen without regard to State or section. 
I think no man in the country took a greater pride than 
the deceased statesman in the marvelous development that 
in the last few years has transformed the sunny South. 
Few men in this country have ever so fully enjoyed tl 
fidence of their immediate constituents. The recognized 
Father of the House, he was trusted by his constituents as 
a kind and loving parent is trusted by his children. I had 
the pleasure in the last session to sit near him and to ob- 
serve with whal pleasure he read to the circle around him a 
letter from his home announcing his renomination. coupled 
with the statement that the writer was for William D. 
Kelley for Congressman during his natural life. Those 
■ >f us wlio had observed how his robust mind contrasted 
with his feeble frame even then feared that his service in 
this body would soon draw to a close, and when we as- 
sembled at the beginning of this session and welcomed the 
kindly old gentleman to these halls, we felt that hovering 
over him was the shadow of impending death. 



62 Address of Mr. Kerr, of Iowa, on the 

Perhaps no two men of opposite political views have had 
greater political influence than the two distinguished men 
whose places have been rendered vacant since the close of 
last Congress — the distinguished statesman from New York, 
Mr. Cox, and the statesman from Pennsylvania whom we 
mourn to-day; and no man on this side of the House, as I 
think, has borne a more conspicuous part in shaping the 
policy of this country than our late honored associate. 

I was very much impressed a few weeks since by the 
classic address of the distinguished gentleman from Missis- 
sippi on the occasion of the memorial services in honor of 
the late Mr. Townshend, of Illinois, in which that gentleman 
referred to the sentiment of dread with which the human 
si ml shrinks from death. But. Mr. Speaker, I think as the 
human mind accepts the grand truths of the Christian faith 
we become more reconciled to this inevitable step in human 
destiny and accept with a calmness unknown before the 
transition to the great loving heart of the Infinite. 

Death comes at last to all. When it strikes down the 
warrior in the full tide of victory, or the statesman in the 
triumph of his ideas, when his theories are in the ascendant, 
when his country is prosperous and triumphant, when he 
sits in the highest places enthroned in the confidence of the 

1 pie. it soothes the anguish of bereavement. Cur friend 

had achieved a high renown, and yet how slight and un- 
satisfying are all human glories. 

Oh. if there were net brighter hopes than these, 
Were there no palm beyond a feverish fame: 
If joy and hope and all the charities of life 
Must fling their withered wreaths into the tomb; 
If beyond this earth there is no heavi d 
In whose wide air the spirit may find room. 
And in the converse of whose bright inhabitants 
The lavished heart may spend itself. 

What thrice-mocked fools are we. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 63 

It is only when a well-spenl life fades away at evening, 
like that of our friend, in the calm promise of an eternal 
day. when life's fitful fever is over, that we attain the full 
fruition of human hopes and can say with the poet — 

There is no death! The stars go down 

To rise upon some fairer shore 
And bright in heaven's jeweled crown 

They shine forever more. 



ADDRESS OF MR. REYBURN, OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
Mr. Speaker: A few weeks ago. on a busy street of one 
of our large cities, groups of men were to be seen here and 
there coining together with quiel demeanor and strong grasp 
of hand, then separating and entering a low but massive 
structure; inside this a, room, the light of heaven softened 

by windows of glass picturing the divine love and g Iness 

of the God of all nations; with bowed heads the people 
wait. The strains of gentle music fill the air, a procession 
of the grief-stricken, clad in habiliments of woe. follow their 
dead; from above, as if from angelic regions, a sweet voice 
is heard chanting forth a song of tender words of consola- 
tion; a man feeble from ripeness of years, but with a noble- 
ness of bearing horn of much good doing and the teaching 
men to love one another, speaks words of encouragement 
to the weeping ones of that higher, better, purer life assured 
to mortals through the tender mercy of an all-wise Father 
who gave his only begotten Son that the dead might rise 
again; then gives the assurance to the sorrowing wife and 
children that though the form lay cold before them he knew 
that, chastened by the struggles and temptation's of a stormy 
life such as few men live through, the dead husband and 
father clung to his belief in his God and his Saviour. 



64 Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 

To the others assembled he spoke of the more than fifty 
years he had known the dead, and in words eloquent with 
truth, tempered by the softening of time, told of the fierce 
conflicts with the prejudices and passions of men; of the 
battles for principle and humanity; of the shock and horror 
of civil war and the troublesome times -that followed its 
ending; of the strength of will and mind of the dead one 
before them; the prophetic foresight ; the wise, the patriotic 
protests against the prejudices of old systems; the firm, 
unfaltering belief in the greatness of his native land, its 
progress, and final leadership in the mighty development 
going on among the nations of the earth; then of the suffer- 
ing, the gradual weakening of the bodily strength, of the 
flashes of the old fire, fitful but deceptive, joresaging the 
end, which came easily, peacefully, hushing forever the voice 
of the statesman and the citizen, who, born of the people 
and from the people, must live on and whose achievements 
must bear witness in the time to come, more eloquently than 
tongues can speak, of the fitness of men to govern them- 
selves. No eulogy of mine can add glory to the luster of 
the name of William D. Kelley, the statesman, the friend 
we are now called upon to mourn. 

Mr. < TXeill. of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker. I move, as 
a further mark of respect to my deceased colleague, the 
House do now adjourn. 

The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at -1 o'clock 
and 35 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE. 



In the Senate of the United States, 

January L3, 1890. 

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. 
McPhersou its Clerk, communicated the resolutions of the 
Mouse of Representatives on the death of Hon. William 
D. Kellev, a Representative from the State of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The Vice-President laid before the Senate the following 
resolutions of the House of Representatives; which were 
read: 

Resolved, That the House lias heard with deep regret and profound sor- 
row of the death of Hon. William D. Kf.llky. late a Representative 
from the State of Pennsylvania. 

Resolnd i in recognition of the long and distinguished term of service 
rendered in this body by Mr. Kelley, a term the longestin its history, and 
which ha i made him for many years the " Father of the House" i, That 
appropriate services !»■ held in the Hall of the House to-morrow, t lie 11th 
instant, at 1'.' o'clock noon. 

Resolved, That a committee of nine members of the House, with such 
members of the Senate as may be joined, lie appointed to attend the 
funeral at Philadelphia, Pa. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate 
and transmit a copy of the same to the family of the deceased. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased, the House do now adjourn. 

In accordance with the foregoing, the Speaker announced the ap- 
pointment of Mr. O'Neill, of Pennsylvania: Mr. McKinley, of Ohio; Mr. 
Cannon, of Illinois: Mr. Banks, of Massachusetts: Mr. McKenna, of Cali- 
fornia; Mr. Carlisle, of Kentucky: Mr. Mills, of Texas; Mr. Holman. of 
Indiana, and Mr. Mutchler, of Pennsylvania. 

H. .Mis. 229 5 65 



66 Proceedings in the Senate on the 

Mr. Morrill. In the absence of both Senators from Penn- 
sylvania, who, I understand, are in attendance on the funeral 
i >f the illustrious deceased in Philadelphia, I have been asked 
to offer the resolutions which I send to the desk. 

The Vice-President. The resolutions will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows : 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep sensibility the announce- 
ment of the death of Hon. William D. Kelley. late a member of the 
House of Representatives from the State of Pennsylvania. 

Resolved, That as an additional mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased, the Senate do now adjourn. 

The Vice-President. The question is on agreeing to the 
resolutions which have been read. 

The resolutions were agreed to unanimously; and (at 3 
o'clock and 35 minutes p. in.) the Senate adjourned until to- 
morrow, Tuesday. January 14, 1890, at 12 o'clock meridian. 

In the Senate op the United States. 

May 10. 1890. 
Mr. Cameron. I wish to give notice that on Friday next, 
the lGth instant, at 4 o'clock, I shall call up the resolutions 
on the death of Judge William D. Kelley, late a member 
of the House of Representatives from the State of Pennsyl- 
vania, for the purpose of submitting remarks thereon. 

In the Senate of the United States, 

May 10. 1890. 
Mr. Cameron. Some days since I gave notice that I should 
call up the resolutions in reference to the death of Judge 
Kelley to-day. Several Senators have requested that that 
matter be postponed; therefore I withdraw my previous 
notice and give notice now that I shall call up the resolut i< ms 
on Tuesday next at 4 o'clock. 



Death of William D. Kelley. 67 

In the Senate of the United States. 

May 20, 1890. 
Mr. Cameron. Mr. President 

The Vice-President. The hour of 4- o'clock having ar- 
rived, the pending bill will be laid aside. 

Mr. Cameron. I ask for the reading of the resolutions 
from the House of Representatives in relation to the death 
of tlie late Hon. William D. Kelley. 

The Vice-President. The resolutions will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows : 

Resolved, That the House has heard with deep regret and profound 
sorrow of the death of Hon. William D. Kelley. late a Representative 
from the state of Pennsylvania. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate, 
and transmit a copy of the same to the family of the deceased. 

a solved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the de- 
ceased the House d.i now adjourn. 

Mr. Cameron. Mr. President. I off er the resolutions which 
I send to the desk. 

The Vice-President. The resolutions will be read. 

The Chief Clerk read as follows : 

Resolved. That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the 
death of Hon. William D. Kelley, late a member of the House of 
Representatives from the State of Pennsylvania. 

Resolved, That the business of the Senate be now suspended in order 
that fitting tribute may be paid to his memory. 

Resolved, That as an additional mark of respect the Senate shall, at 
the conclusion of these ceremonies, adjourn. 



6S Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on tht 



Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania. 

Mr. President: So much lias appeared in the press of 
the country concerning Judge Kelley that it is impossible 
on this occasion to do more in the remarks I am about to 
make than to repeat much that has already been said. 

William Darrah Kelley was born in the Northern 
Liberties of Philadelphia, April 12, 1814, and at 20 minutes 
past 6 o'clock, in this city, on Thursday, January 9, 1800, 
lie quietly passed away, surrounded by his family and a few 
friends, having lived a useful life of seventy-six years. 

The ancestry of Judge Kelley were Irish. His father. 
David Kelley, located in Philadelphia at an early age and 
started in business as a watch-maker and jeweler. He 
married Miss Hannah Darrah, whose ancestors were early 
settlers on the Neshaminy Creek, in Bucks County, Penn- 
sylvania. After the war of 1812— in 1810— David Kelley, 
having indorsed the paper of one of his relatives, became 
pecuniarily involved, and was, in consequence thereof, sold 
out under the sheriff's hammer, and was thereby bereft of 
the small fortune he had accumulated. Shortly afterwards 
he fell dead on the street, leaving four small children to the 
care of his widow, of whom William Darrah was the 
youngest and only son. and but two years old. His mother 
having no means of her own to support her family, kind 
friends gave her some pecuniary assistance, with which she 
opened a boarding-house. 

In this way the heroic and noble woman, by her skill, 
industry, and indomitable pluck, supported and schooled 
her children. William's school days, however, terminated 
at the age of eleven, for at this time the circumstances of his 
mother had become such as to compel him to leave school 



Life and Character of 11 'illiam D. Kelley. 69 

tii seek employment, so as to afford her whatever aid he 
could, no matter how small. He first obtained work in a 
Lottery office as an errand hoy. at a weekly salary of $1. 
Tiring of this, he secured a place in an umbrella-store, but 
being of an ambitious turn of mind, he sought and succeeded 
in getting employment as a copy-holder in the printing es- 
tablishment of Jasper Harding, of the Philadelphia Inquirer, 
and it was while employed there, as he always asserted, that 
he acqirired that remarkable clearness of articulation which 
was the charm of his oratory through life. 

His last avocation becoming distasteful to him. lie left that 
— being now sixteen years of age— and concluded to learn 
his father's trade, and was indentured as an apprentice to the 
firm of Rickards & Dubosq, manufacturing jewelers. He 
was engaged with them for six years. As he was approach- 
ing manh 1 he realized that his education was very limited. 

and he at once began to search for knowledge. He spent his 
Leisure hours reading, and became a member of debating 
societies, where he made for himself considerable reputation 
as a del later. He associated himself with a number of young 
friends in founding the "Youth's Library," the name of 
which was afterwards changed to the ••Pennsylvania. Lit- 
erary Institute." and in time they accumulated several thou- 
sand volumes and instituted an annual course of lectures. 

Here his taste and study for knowledge was gratified be- 
yond his expectations and the foundation was laid for that 
remarkable store of learning which made him so useful to 
his constituents in after life. His specialty in hooks was 
for those on political and economic questions, for which 
subjects he had a natural and instinctive gift. 

During his apprenticeship the business of the country was 
very much depressed in consequence of the memorable 
quarrel between President Jackson and the United States 



7<l> Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

Bank, and in Philadelphia the employers and capitalists 
were almost unanimous for the hank. Young Kelley took 
sides with the Democratic minority and soon became a 
noted leader among the apprentices and young Democrats. 

Of course, as might have been expected, the result was 
that he, with many others who were too outspoken in their 
opinions, was thrown out of employment. It was a very 
distressing period in the history of our country. Party war 
raged fiercely and bitterly. Capitalists and employers de- 
clared publicly that as the President was making war upon 
them those whom they employed should take sides with 
them or be treated as enemies. 

Said the New York Tribune: 

Democratic workmen were discharged on all sides. One instance is 
narrated wherealailoress was refused work because her brother had spoken 
at a Democratic meeting. Petitions for the " restoration of the deposits " 
were circulated, and workingmen refusing to sign are said to have been 
marked for discharge. 

Young Kelley entered the fight with a vigor that was 
characteristic of him, and so enthusiastic and active was he 
in his efforts that he dissuaded many workmen from attend- 
ing meetings called in the interest of the bank. 

No wonder, therefore, that he found it difficult to obtain 
employment at his trade. However, on the revival of 
business in 1835, young Kelley went to Boston, where a 
former shop-mate had found work and opened a way for 
him. He secured a good place and he was more prosperous 
there than he had been in Philadelphia. 

His specialty was enameling, and his success in it was so 
great that a costly set of gold cups, ordered for the Imaum 
of Muscat, brought his employers a gold medal from the 
Massachusetts Mechanics' Association. 

It was not in his nature to remain long in seclusion or 
inactive, and an opportunity soon occurred that enabled his 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 71 

restless spirit to assert itself. The anti-Catholic excitement 
was then at its height in eastern Massachusetts, and as a 
result of the agitation the burning of the convent at Charles- 
town. This was a chance for young Kelley to display his 
ability, and he was not slow to avail himself of it. He at- 
tracted general attention by his fearless ami eloquent utter- 
ances at public assemblies, in opposition to what seemed to 
him to be the prevailing prejudices. Possessed of a good 
voir.', with perfect articulation and clear enunciation, he 
hail no trouble in holding and interesting an audience, and he 
soon acquired considerable fame as a lecturer and debater. 

At that time it was customary, as it is now. for both po- 
litical parties to hold mass meetings just before the annual 
elections, and it was at one of these meetings in Fanenil 
Hall that Kelley acquitted himself to such an extent that 
his reputation as a, speaker was made. It is said of him 
that he was sitting in a comer of the stage, where, although 
not seen, every word of the speakers reached his ear. Har- 
vey Prince, esq., of Salem, an eloquent lawyer, had just con- 
cluded his speech, when, by one of those sudden impulses 
which characterized him in after years, Kelley rushed to 
the front of the stage just as the chairman of the meeting 
was about to introduce United States District Attorney 
Hallett. Every eye in the vast .audience was riveted upon 
him. as but few knew who the intruder was. "Who is he?" 
and "Who are you?" was heard on every side, and a sup- 
pressed murmur pervaded the hall. Kelley heard this, 
and straightening himself to his full height, he replied in a 
voice that could lie heard by every one in the assemblage: 

Who am I? I will tell you who I am directly. I am an American cit- 
izen, a man who can earn his living by the sweat of his brow and the 
cunning of his go< id right hand— one who has come to this cradled temple 
of liberty to pledge himself to stem the tide of time on board the good ship 
Democracy, with her to swim or with her gloriously to sink. 



72 Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

After such an introduction it was not surprising that this 
young mechanic should have been frequently sought to 
speak in public for the purpose of firing enthusiasm int< > the 
hearts of sluggish and doubtful voters. On several occa- 
sions he spoke upon the same platform with many distin- 
guished speakers of the State. 

Soon after the Faneuil Hall episode Mr. Kelley was 
tendered a place in the Boston post-office or in the customs 
service, but he declined on tin- ground that he ••did not wish 
to give up his independence and individuality and become 
a waiter on the tide of affairs. " 

Such was his pi use that lie was advised by some of his 

admirers to seek a scholarship at Harvard, but he refused to 
accede to their kindly advice. 

A fter remaining in Boston four years he longed for and did 
return to his old home and its associations in Philadelphia, 
where he entered up< >n the study of the law in the office of Col. 
James Page, then a leading lawyer of that city, who was so 
pleased with the address that Kelley made at Faneuil Hall 
that he persuaded him to study law under his supervision. 
He began his studies on March 9, 1830, and on April 17, 
1841 — being then twenty-seven years old — he was, on the 
motion of his friend, Colonel Page, admitted to the Phila- 
delphia bar. Before going to Boston he had been a member 
of a volunteer fire company— in those days they were very 
numerous and political in their character —and also of a vol- 
unteer military company, and his former associates were, 
naturally enough, very proud of his elevation. Colonel Page 
was his military commander. 

Success attended him at the bar from the start, and he at 
once entered upon a large and lucrative practice. 

Prior ti > his admission to the bar he had taken part in local 
politics, and in 1812. when he was active in trying to allay 



Life ami C 'haracter of 11 'illiam D. Kelley. 73 

the excitement following the suspension of specie payments, 
he had become so weU known and so popular that one of the 
papers called him " the tribune of tin' people." In the cam- 
paign of 1S44, which made Francis 11. Shunk governor of 
Pennsylvania and Polk President, Mr. Kelley took a promi- 
nent part, in his own State first, and later in New Jersey 
ami Delaware. Governor Shunk's attorney-general, John 
K. Kane, promptly appointed him prosecuting attorney for 
the county of Philadelphia, which place he held I'm- two 
terms by re-appointment. He thus became the prosecutor of 
all persons arraigned for participation in the memorable 
riots of 1*11, a duty which he discharged with distinguished 
abilitj and force. One of Governor Shunk's hist acts was 
to make him one of the judges of the court of common pleas 
of Philadelphia, which he did on the 13th of March. 1847 

In this position lie was put to a seven' test in the well- 
known contested-election case of District Attorney Reed vs. 
Kneass. He united in a decision by which a Democral who 
had secured a fraudulent return of votes was removed from 
the district attorneyship and his Whig opponent seated. 
Judge Kelley was known to lie largely responsible for this 
act, and he was consequently ostracized by those with whom 
he had formerly sympathized. The judicial office in Penn- 
sylvania having been made elective by the constitutional 
amendments adopted in 1850, the Democratic convention in 
1851 refused to renominate him because of his prominence in 
securing the removal of their candidate for district attorney. 

He was then taken up and elected for a ten-years' term by 
the "People's party." which comprised some of the best ele- 
ments of the Whig and Democratic parties. He severed his 
connection with the Democratic party when the Missouri 
compromise was repealed in 1854. and on the re-opening of the 
slavery controversy in that year he became earnest and out- 



74 Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

spoken in his opposition to slavery. In fact, he had always 

1 11 an anti-slavery man. How he became converted to the 

doctrine of protection is graphically told in his "Reasons for 
Abandoning the Theory of Free Trade and Adopting the 
Principles of Protection to American Industries." 

His entry into the political arena dates from this time. 
He at once gave his strongest efforts and influence in organ- 
izing the Republican party, and in 1856 he entered his new 
field by a public address in Philadelphia on "Slavery in the 
Territories,"- which became widely known and gave him quite 
a reputation beyond the limits of his own State. In this 
year he was nominated as the Republican candidate for Con- 
gress by the new party — he having resigned from the bench — 
and vigorously entered the campaign for the new party and 
its Presidential candidates, Fremont and Dayton, and after 
a severe tight he was defeated, and again returned to the 
practice of his profession. 

In 1860 he was sent as a delegate to the National Conven- 
tion at Chicago that nominated Abraham Lincoln, and was 
selected by the Pennsylvania delegation to represent that 
State on the committee to notify Mr. Lincoln personally of 
his nomination to the Presidency. On his return from Chi- 
cago he was — in the autumn — nominated a second time for 
Congress and elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress to rep- 
resent the Fourth Congressional district in Philadelphia. 

He was sworn in at the special session which convened in 
July, 1801, and held his seat by fourteen successive re-elec- 
tions, and was entering his fifteenth term — or a service of 
nearly thirty years in the House of Representatives— a dis- 
tinction enjoyed and a record equaled by no other man < >f the 
thousands who have served in the House of Representatives 
from the foundation of the Government. 

It is hardly credible, yet nevertheless true, that in all of 



Life and Character of William />. Kelley. 75 

his successive elections he was only on two occasions re- 
quired to struggle for his election. His first election in 1860 
was warmly contested, and in 1862 he defeated James B. 
Nicholson by only 828 majority. Since that time he has 
always been elected by from 2,500 to 12,000 majority. 

It is a historical fact that Philadelphia has furnished the 
three oldest Congressmen in point of continuous service: 
William D. Kelley, thirty years: Samuel J. Randall, 
twenty-nine years; and Charles O'Neill, twenty-live years. 

On account of his long and continuous service in the House 
Judge Kelley acquired the sobriquet of the "Father of the 
House." but although the oldest man in service, he was not 
the oldest member in that body in point of age. Up to the 
time of his death Judge Kelley had administered the oath 
of office to five different Speakers of the House, and for 
some years past, on account of his long and faithful service, 
he was at the beginning of each Congress allowed to select 
his seat instead of drawing for it. an honor very rarely 
conferred. 

The life of Judge Kelley is a, fair illustration of what 
can be accomplished under our five institutions. Commenc- 
ing his career in an humble occupation, without the advan- 
tages of the common school now afforded the very poorest 
boy, by his indomitable pluck and untiring energy he be- 
came the peer of any man who ever sat in that body of 
which he was a member. 

Judge Kelley was from the first a warm and enthusiastic 
supporter of President Lincoln in the prosecution of the 
war. He was on very intimate terms with both Mr. Lincoln 
and Mr. Stanton, and no man in political life at that period 
more absolutely enjoyed their confidence and friendship. He 
was frequently consulted by them on important contem- 
plated movements, and his advice and counsel had much 



76 Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

Weight. He stood side by side with the most able and enthu- 
siastic defenders of the Union cause; he zealously advocated 
the most vigorous conduct of the war, no matter at what 
cost: he favored speedy emancipation of the slaves and the 
bestowal of the right of suffrage on the newly-made citizen, 
and as early as 1862 he was a strong advocate for arming the 
negro; and he took an advanced position on the question of 
the reconstruction of the Southern States. His acquaintance 
with the principal leaders in suppressing the rebellion gave 
him an opportunity of learning many important facts w Inch 
were of great assistance to him when he replied with great 
effect to General McClellan's article in the Century and also 
in defending Secretary Stanton against the attacks which 
were made upon him in the House of Representatives. 

Judge Kelley has always been a thorough student of 
national finances, the relations of capital to labor, and all 
kindred economic subjects. He was a hard and incessant 
worker. When in pursuit of certain knowledge and facts 
lie was untiring and unceasing until success crowned his 
efforts. He possessed a perfect store-house of dates and 
figures. He not only studied these questions in books, but 
the great fund of his knowledge was obtained by constant 
contact with the business men and manufacturers of the 
country by visiting industrial establishments of every kind 
ami description, by personal interviews with the operatives, 
mechanics, and miners, not only in this country but in Eng- 
land. France, and Germany. He was therefore thoroughly 
informed. For this reason, there was no man in either 
House of Congress who was better equipped for discussion 
or a more ready debater on tariff questions of this and 
other countries. 

Having a remarkably tine voice, famous for its clearness, 
he always commanded attention and respect when he spoke, 



Life and Character of William />. Kelley. 77 

which was only when the subjects with which lit' was most 
familiar were up for discussion, and then he spoke with great 
effect and earnestness and full of enthusiasm. 

Judge Kelley was an indefatigable and industrious 
writer. Besides the numerous speeches which he delivered 
both in and out of Congress he published many pamphlets, 
such as Colored Department of the Hmisr of Refuge, Rea- 
sons for Abandoning Free Trade. Letters from Europe, and 
one of his productions was The New South, which attracted 
much attention throughout the country. 

His history while in Congress is familiar to all. He did 
faithful work on many committees to which he was assigned, 
such as the Committees on Agriculture, Naval Affairs, and 
Indian Affairs. He was, in the Fortieth Congress, chair- 
man of the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, 
and also chairman of the Philadelphia Centennial < lelebra- 
tion Committee in L876. He was appointed a member of the 

Committi nWays and Means in 1869; in L873hehad risen 

to the second place on that committee, and when Mr. Dawes, 
of Massachusetts, was elected to the Senate in 1875 he be- 
came the senior Republican member. In 1879, when the 
House of Representatives was under Democratic rule. Mr. 
Garfield was placed ahead of him on the committee, but 
when the Republicans again got control of that body in 
December, I881,hewas made chairman of that committee. 
and thereby the leader of the House, and served as such 
until March, 1883, when the political complexion of the 
House of Representatives again changed. 

He, however, continued a member of this committee until 
last December, when mi account of his enfeebled health he 
requested to be assigned to a committee which would not 
require so much labor, and he was therefore made chair- 
man of the Committee on Manufactures. This short his- 



78 Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

tory of his services in the House shows the secret of his 
success. He zealously labored in behalf of a constituency 
whom he loved so well and who in return showed their high 
appreciation of him. 

To illustrate, what a wonderful hold he had upon his con- 
stituents in his district is shown in the answer of a promi- 
nent citizen of Philadelphia to a delegation who asked his 
assistance to place another man in nomination instead of 
Judge Kelley. "What !" exclaimed the gentleman, "send 
another man to Congress from the Fourth district while 
Judge Kelley lives ! That would be an act of base ingrat- 
itude which would justly receive the execrations of the Re- 
publican masses of the country, and would be a blow at the 
cause of protection more damning in its effect than could be 
delivered by the combined free-traders on both sides of the 
Atlantic < >cean. No, gentlemen, while Judge Kelley lives 
no other man can he chosen to represent his district in ( !on- 
gress." 

The board of directors of the Manufacturers' Club of Phila- 
delphia, composed of some of the most prominent and influ- 
ential men in our State, held a special meeting January 11. 
L890, two days after Judge Kelley's death, and the follow- 
ing was their action. It shows the high esteem in which he 
was held by them: 

The death of Hon. William D. Kelley on the 9th of January . 1890, 
in the seventy-sixth year of his age, having closed a public career of 
unusual length and of remarkable distinction, the Manufacturers' ( Hub of 
Philadelphia, while deeply regretting the loss thus sustained by Judge 
Kelley's family, by the nation, by the city of Philadelphia, and by Ins 
immediate constituents, desires to express, iu the following minute, its 
sense of the greatness of the career thus ended, of the lofty character of 
the man as a patriot and a statesman, and of the value of his services to 
his native land. 

It was the fortune of Judge Kelley to sit in the national House of 
Representatives as the Representative of the Fourth Pennsylvania district 
for nearly thirty successive years— a continuous length of service in that 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 79 

body that has rarely been equaled and not more than once or twice sur- 
passed. This unusual honor came to Judge KELLEY as the acknowledg- 
ment and reward of his strict fidelity to and his wise and valiant 
maintenance of principles that seemed to have justice for their basis 
and the material prosperity of the people for their practical purpose. 

The years of Judge KELLEY's public life included the most momentous 
period in the history of this country, and the part that he played in the 
gn-at events of the lime was large and conspicuous. The most unf riendlj 
scrutiny of his conduct will find little that deserves the condemnation of 
the prudent, and nothing that can cast reflection upon the purity of his 
motives. Upon the other hand, it will be hardly possible to discover in 
the reci irdsof the legislation of thirty years any measure that has pn iduced 
beneficial results for any nation which does not bear the impress of his 
sagai 11 5 and foresight, or was not the recipient of his hearty approval and 
support. 

In the dark hours of the civil war the great President whom he helped 
to nominate and to elect found in him an eager coadjutor 111 every move- 
ment for the courageous conduct of the struggle for national existence 
and in evcr\ scheme for uplifting the credit of the nation and for strength- 
ening the forces for the maintenance of the Union. 

In the troubled years that followed the final victory he relaxed none of 
the intensity of bis patriotic devotion in giving his sanction to all wise and 
safe action for the political and industrial rehabilitation of the Southern 
States. He was one of the first to perceive the industrial possibilities of 
the South, and to the latest year of his life he regarded the swift develop- 
ment of Southern industry with the eager enthusiasm of a patriot who 
saw in it a promise of a peaceful and happy re-adjustment of the relations 
of that section to the rest of the country. 

Representing, as the Manufacturers' < Hub does, American industry gen- 
erally and the manufacturing industries of Pennsylvania particularly, 
we record with gratitude and pleasure our sense of the obligation of 
American industry to Judge KELLEY'S persistent, able, and eloquent 
advocacy of the principles of tariff protection. To no one public man. 
with the possible exception of Henrj Clay, do the toilers of the country 
owe so much; and we rejoice, as he rejoiced, that his life was extended 
so far into the century as to permit him to witness the triumph of those 
principles in the development of home industry under their shelter to 
proportions of magnificent and unsurpassed greatness. He lived to 
observe the reaping of the fruits of his early labors and the rich fulfill- 
ment of Ins prophecies. The full justification of his constant efforts 
came before he died, in the near approach of his people to industrial 
independence, in large earnings for the workmen, in lower price-, of 
commodities, and in the advancement of his country to a condition of 
prosperity without precedent 111 history. 

His public life was characterized by complete devotion to duty, and 
both his public ami his private life by perfect purity. No breath of sus- 



8o Address of Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, on the 

picion ever assailed his integrity. The familiar defilements of politics left 
no stain upon him. His successes at the polls were not won by art or 
by skillful manipulation of machinery. He owed no allegiance to any 
master, and no clique looked to him to do its bidding. His constituents 
returned him to Congress without any other incentive than a full appreci- 
ation of his high qualities and a complete sense of the value to them and 
to the nation of his services. His chum to such honor was that he was a 
statesman in breadth of mind and in practical equipment for performance 
of tin- functions of statecraft. To his natural mental power he added 
learning, to his learning unusual eloquence, and to all his faculties a 
deep, intense, overmastering love for his country and its political insti- 
tutions. 

No better tribute could be paid to the memory of Judge 
Kelley than that iu tbe act of the Pennsylvania delegation 
in Congress when they passed the following resolutions : 

Resolvi d, That the State of Pennsylvania has lost, by the death of our 
distinguished colleague, Hon. William D. Kelley, a Representative in 
the full sense of that term. An actual service of over twenty-nine years, 
unbroken in continuity, with unremitting faithfulness to every duty, has 
made the nam.' of our deceased colleague known from one end of the 
land to the other ; and we feel that the citizens of the United States are 
sorrowing with us on this sad occasion. 

Resolved, That, in testimony of our esteem to the memory of the 
"Father of the House,' the members of the Pennsylvania delegation 
attend the funeral services in a body. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted to the family 
of the deceased. 

Judge Kelley was a man of dignity and refinement and 
possessed of a simple and amiable yet strong and forcible 
character, which won him the love as well as the respect of 
all who were associated with him. He was neither afraid 
nor ashamed to assert his convictions with a boldness that 
not only startled but made his opponents respect him. 



Life and Character of II 'illiam D. Kelley. 81 

ADDRESS OF ER. MORRILL, OF VERMONT. 

Mr. President: My acquaintance with Mr. Kelley be- 
gan upon his entrance as a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives in 1861, where I served with him until 1807; and 
our friendly personal relations were ever after unbroken. I 
remember that he at once took rank as a ready and cogent 
debater, showing deep interest in the subject of the tariff, 
often exhibiting special knowledge of details, and having a 
voice of dramatic power he was not only heard but under- 

M I in a House where many found it difficult even to be 

heard. He was a model of industry, shunning no labor that 
was required to obtain the mastery of the subject, and he 
also recognized the duty of being an unfailing attendant 
upon the daily sessions of the House. 

Mr. Kelley was not unfamiliar with the British free-trade 

1 1 ries of Adam Smith and of his successors, and above all 

be was familiar with the works on political economy of Henry 
( '. Carey, early becoming perhaps one of his most distin- 
guished disciples, and. it is hardly necessary to say. a learned 
and robust supporter of the principle of American protection. 
In the application of this principle he was thoroughly im- 
partial, not limited to the local boundaries of his district, but, 
believing that it covered his country with blessings to mul- 
tiply industries and broaden home markets, he seemed as 
ready to have these blessings conferred upon the people of 
the most distant States as upon his own neighbors. He was 
alert to see that no public interest should anywhere lie 
slighted or ignored, whether represented by political friends 
or opponents. He would ask nothing for Pennsylvania that 
he would not grant to Florida, or to Alabama, or to any 
other State. 

H. Mis. 22d 



82 Address of Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, on the 

He was as courteous in debate as a gentleman of the olden 
time, and therefore made no personal enemies. As a repre- 
sentative of the Quaker City he was sternly opposed to 
slavery; but, while he hated the sin, he did not so much 
hate the sinners, believing that they inherited rather than 
originated this blot upon free institutions. 

Proud of his own early experience as an artisan, he favored 
all measures tending to promote the welfare of workingmen. 
Hi' was their friend. He cheerfully accepted the sportive 
nickname of "Pig-iron Kelley," bestowed upon him by those 
unable otherwise to meet his arguments, and he used the 
epithet as a. club furnished by his foes to win for himself 
greater renown. 

Air. Kelley was one of many typical examples of Ameri- 
can life. Starting, with a good English education, as an 
apprentice in the trade of a jeweler, and working as a jour- 
neyman for five years, then studying the profession of law, 
he was su. m advanced to the position of a judge in one of the 
courts of Philadelphia, his native city, and at length, in our 
country's great crisis of LS60, lie was chosen as a member of 
the House of Representatives, at the ripe age of forty-seven 
years, by a district whose confidence and affection he suc- 
cessfully retained through life. After a continuous ami 
ci mspicuous service of twenty-nine years, honorable alike to 
himself and his constituency, and after a long and useful 
life, undimmed by spot or blemish, his career has ended ; but 
a national reputat ion will long cling to the name of William 
D. Kelley. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelle 



ADDRESS OF MR. REAGAN, OF TEXAS. 

Mr. President: Hon. William D. Kelle y served the 
people of Pennsylvania acceptably and continuously in the 
House of Representatives for about twenty-nine years. 

He enjoyed the distinction of being the senior member of 
the House for many years, and was spoken of as the " Father 
of the House." 

I do not propose to deliver a eulogium on the life and 
services of this distinguished man. That task lias been 
better performed by the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. 
Cameron]. I shall only occupy a few moments to express 
the respect and esteem I entertained for Mr. Kelley while 
living and my respect for his memory now that he has gone 
from among us. 

The first four years I served in the House ended with the 
Thirty-sixth Congress. Mr. Kelley's service in the House 
commenced with the Thirty-seventh Congress. When I 
returned to the House in the Forty-fourth Congress I found 
Mr. Kelley its senior member by continuous service. We 
were then associated as members of the House for twelve 
years. While in polities and on some leading questions we 
did not agree in opinion, our intercourse was always 
friendly. 

Mr. Kelley, by his courteous bearing and by the frank- 
ness, earnestness, and sincerity of his conduct, commanded 
the respect of his associates. 

His life was a splendid illustration of a type of American 
character which is one of the chief glories of the Republic. 
Commencing life in poverty and obscurity he learned to be 
a printer, and afterwards served an apprenticeship to the 



84 Address of Mr. Reagan, of Texas, on the 

jeweler's trade and worked at it as a journeyman. By the 
aid of a superior intellect and by energy and perseverance 
he afterwards became a lawyer, then prosecuting attorney 
for the city and county of Philadelphia, and still later he 
was for ten years judge of the court of common pleas of 
Philadelphia. To these honors was added his long and 
useful career in Congress. 

Such a life and such achievements under such circum- 
stances are a noble example and a great encouragement to 
the youth of our country, and especially to those who have 
to fight life's battles unaided by fortune or family influence. 
Mr. Kelley's public experience covered a very interesting 
and exciting period of American history, during which he 
took his part in the disposition of great public questions in 
such a manner as to command the approval of his constitu- 
ents. 

Mr. President, while commemorating the services and the 
virtues of our deceased friend sail memories are called into 
review. A number of tin' most distinguished members of 
the Fifty-first Congress have passed from life into the shore- 
less sea of eternity. The bright, the brilliant and learned, 
and noble-hearted Samuel S. Cox was the first to leave us. 
Then our aide and patriotic friend, William D. Kelley, 
whose services and worth we now commemorate. 

Soon after he was followed by his distinguished colleague 
from Pennsylvania, Samuel J. Randall, a man of gi-eat abil- 
ity and great labor, of the broadest patriotism, a born leader 
of men, who during his long service in Congress preserved 
an unsullied reputation. And still another, an honored son 
of New York, David Wilber, who had been elected to the 
Fifty-first Congress, died without having been able to take 
his seat as a Representative. And we are painfully reminded 
that a member of this Senate, so recently with us, Hon. 



Life and Character of William I). Kelley. 85 

James B. Beck, of Kentucky, whom we all loved and hon- 
ored for his noble qualities of head and heart, is no more. 
It is not permitted tons to know how soon others of us 

are to be separated from all that is dear to us on earth and 
to follow our friends to the unknown hereafter. 

Mr. President, we go on in the performance of our duties, 
studying until the brain is sometimes dizzy, working until 
the body is often worn and exhausted, and looking to the 
future as if time belonged to us. and as if eternity were 
never to be reached. And amidst the busy scenes of life we 
may fancy ourselves more or less important factors in our 
country's welfare if not in the world's progress. 

We seldom pause to think how unimportant we really arc. 
and how little the world, even our own country, will miss 
us when we are gone. However much importance we may 
attach to ourselves and to the parts we play in life, when we 
have joined our friends on the other shore the world will 
move on, and our own country will continue its march to the 
great destiny which awaits it, the same as if we had never 
lived, and we shall soon be remembered no more. 

This is not a cheerful reflection, except for the promise 
beyond the grave for those who have done well in this life. 
But if such reflections shall teach us greater humility, cause 
us to be more just, make us more charitable to one another, 
and lead to a broader philanthropy, they are not without 
their uses. 



Address of Air. Sherman, of Ohio, on the 



Address of Mr, Sherman, of Ohio. 

Mr. President : William D. Kelley entered the House 
of Representatives in 1861, as I left it for the Senate. There- 
fore I had not the same opportunity for acquaintance with 
him as if we had served together in the same House and on 
committees, where intimate personal friendships are often 
formed for life. Still, frequent association and meetings 
with Mr. Kelley, socially and in the consideration of bills 
of a financial character, since he became a member, led to a 
friendship which was unbroken, and which, now that he is 
dead, imposes upon me the duty of responding to the reso- 
lutions before you. 

When Mr. Kelley entered the House of Representatives 
as a member from the city of Philadelphia he had arrived 
at the mature age of forty-six, and had an established repu- 
tation for ability, industry, and fidelity to duty. He had 
been trained in the school of poverty, making his own way 
in the world, gathering knowledge by the wayside. He 
labored for several years at his trade as a mechanic; but, 
prompted by a restless thirst for knowledge, he studied law, 
and for several years he practiced the legal profession. In 
clue time he became a judge and served as such for ten 
years, so that when he entered public life as a member of the 
House he was a trained lawyer, with strong convictions upon 
economic questions, and bold and earnest on all the stern 
issues of the civil war. 

The creed to which he devoted himself consisted of but 
three articles : That the Union must be preserved at all 
hazards; that the National Government should exercise its 
exclusive power to provide money for the people of the 
United States ; and that the laborer of our country should be 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 87 

protected in his industry from undue competition. To the 
establishment of each of these theories as the public policy 

of the country he contributed his full measure of effort and 
success. By instinct he was opposed to slavery. All his 
early struggles and his innate perceptions of the rights of 
man made him an enemy to all forms of oppression. Still, 
he would have respected the right of each State to deaf with 
this question, but when it became manifest that slavery was 
the real cause of the attempt at secession he was among the 
first and foremost to demand that it should be abolished. 
But especially as the recognized leader in the support of 
protection to American industry he exercised commanding 
influence and authority. 

Whatever opinions may be honestly entertained as to the 
nature and extent of this protection. Judge Kelley had no 
doubt, but impartially ami freely extended it to every indus- 
try without regard to its nature or the section in which it 
was pursued. On all economic questions he had accurate 
knowledge of details. His patient industry enabled him to 
master every shade and side of such a question, and espe- 
cially so as to the policy of protection by discriminating 
duties. On other matters he was a follower, but in this 
always a. leader. His writings and speeches upon this and 
kindred questions constitute a store-house of information 
and the best evidence of his industry and ability. 

From the time he entered public life until the hour of his 
death he commanded the full confidence of his people. No 
fluctuation of opinion, no personal rivalries, no contest.-, for 
patronage or office could weaken their confidence in his 
integrity and justice. All these obstructions in the paths 
of public men, often fatal, did not affect him. For thirty 
years he was the chosen Representative of one constituency, 
a remarkable, and in our country an unexampled, event. 



88 Address of Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, on the 

In the House of Representatives, famous for its sudden 
changes, he was for many years "the Father of the House," 
and no doubt, if his life had been prolonged to the extreme 
period allotted to man, his seat in the House would have 
been safe for him. 

No one could have so secured such an honor from such a 
constituency without possessing marked ability, superior 
intelligence, and an unblemished character. The history of 
political life is full of fading shadows crowding each other, 
tired and tossed as upon a stormy sea, coming and going 
without mark or memory; but when a man appears, like 
Judge Kelley, thoroughly equipped for public duty, court- 
ing no man and fearing none, supported as he was without 
wavering or a break by a constituency who knew every act 
of his life, until he had outlived nearly all his contemporaries 
and had reached the venerable age of seventy-six years, such 
an example gives assurance that there are conservative 
forces in a government by the pei iple, and that faithful serv- 
ices honestly rendered will meet with the highest reward. 
Tlie life of our Republic is but short as measured by the 
life of European nations, but it has been long enough to 
disprove the common theory that to secure stability and 
strength in a government it must be controlled by the priv- 
ileged and educated classes. 

In every period of our history it has been shown that from 
the ranks of the people, without special training and often 
in the face of the most adverse difficulties, have come the 
men who have led in Congress, in the judiciary, in the Army 
and Navy, and in the highest fields of invention, litera- 
ture, and science. Judge Kelley is only one of many of 
these. Death has taken from among us within a brief time 
many of the most illustrious actors in the great events that 
have marked the period of our lives, and almost without 



Life and Character of William />. Kelley. 89 

exception they have been typical American citizens, who 
commenced without advantage, were baptized in poverty, 
and mad..' their way by personal ability and proven fitness 
for the duties assigned them. 

The living principle of our Government, that every man 
shall have equal opportunity without favor or prejudice to 
win his way and enjoy his honest gains and honors, has been 
shown to be the true policy by the production of men of su- 
perior ability for every task and every duty. It is the chief 
cause of the wonderful development of our resources, and is 
the conservative and enduring force that we believe will, 
under Divine Providence, strengthen our institutions and 
enable us to resist alike the corruption of wealth and the 
ravings of ignorance. The mass of the people, under the 
influence of free institutions, will, by their unbiased choice, 
furnish leaders and representatives to keep the ship of state 
free from these dangers. 

Death may take from us such men as Kelley ami Randall. . 
but the principles and training that brought them into pub- 
lic life and kept them there to the hour of their death will 
supply their places until in the time, far distant as I hope. 
when our Republic, like all forms of government, will perish 
from corruption and ignorance. The impressive lessons 
taught us by these frequent ceremonies need not disturb our 
hope for the future of our country, but they should impress 
upon us the uncertain tenure by which we hold our repre- 
sentative trusts, and our sacred duty to perform them so that, 
when we taste the bitterness of death, our survivors may say 
of us, as we say of them, "Well done, good and faithful 
servants." 



90 Address of Mr. Hampton, of South Carolina, on the 



Address of Mr. Hampton, of South Carolina. 

Mr. President : Few men in the United States during the 
half century which has just closed occupied a more conspic- 
uous position in his party than did the distinguished gentle- 
man from Pennsylvania to whose memory all of us this day, 
putting aside the strife of party conflicts, pause from our 
daily routine of duty to pay kind and respectful homage. 
We do this, not on account of his long public service, but 
because he was a brave, conscientious man, upon whose char- 
acter no stain of dishonesty ever rested, a good type of those 
men who have made the name of American citizen as proud, 
as powerful, and as honorable as that of Roman. The boast 
of the Roman was predicated on the fact that the seven- 
hilled city dominated the world by arms; the nobler boast of 
the American is that his country is showing how the world 
can be governed by ideas, and all Christendom now recog- 
nizes that the weapons we use are more potent than those 
willi which Rome conquered the world. 

It was in this intellectual field of conflict that Judge 
Kelley won his proudest triumphs ; for while his patriotic 
ardor impelled him to brave the perils and the hardships of 
war. it is his greatest distinction that he was in the halls of 
Congress a potent factor in shaping the policy of the party 
to which he belonged; a policy which, whether right or 
wrong, was brought to a successful issue, and to the success 
of which he contributed in no small measure. It is scarcely 
necessary for me to say. Mr. President, that the policy he 
advocated with such zeal and ability was utterly repugnant 
to the political creed held by myself, but in the advocacy of 



Life and Character of William />. Kelley. 91 

his measures he manifested such implicit faith, such honest, 
brave consistency, that, while I never agreed with him. my 
respect for the man was sincerely entertained. 

Nor can I forget that when time hail softened the asperities 
engendered by our civil war he manifested an earnest interest 
in the welfare and prosperity of the South, and expressed the 
kindest wishes for its people. All his utterances of late in 
reference to our people were marked by broad charity arid 
sincere good-will, and he thus evoked from many wdio were 
his political opponents feelings of akindred character. We 
of the South recall with kind emotions one of his latest 
expressions in reference to that portion of the country when 
he said: "The South is the coming El Dorado of American 
adventure. May the Almighty speed and guide her onward 
pro-iess!" It is therefore not only natural but proper that 
Representatives of the South should join their Northern 
colleagues in doing honor to his memory. He was emphat- 
ically a tribune of the people: no adventitious circumstances 
of birth, of wealth, or of influence were his to speed him on 
in the race of life. Errand-hoy. apprentice, artisan, he. 
without the advantage of an early education, not only tilled 
high positions with honor and distinction, hut he rose by 
the force of his character and power of his intellect to a 
commanding place in the councils of the country. 

An intelligent ami confiding constituency returned him 
as their Representative in the other branch of Congress for 
fifteen consecutive terms, a distinction conferred on no 
other member since the organization of the Government ; 
and. however men may differ with his political views, they 
must admit that a man who could thus command the un- 
bounded confidence, the unanimous support, the lifedong 
resped and esteem of his fellow-citizens must have been a 
man of mark. The fact that he held his seat in the House 



92 Address of Mr. Hampton, of South Carolina, on the 

of Representatives so long and so uninterruptedly was honor- 
able alike to himself and to his constituents, for it proves 
that he was worthy of their confidence, and that they recog- 
nized his ability, bis worth, and his services. No man with 
such a record as he made for himself can fall out of the ranks 
of the living without leaving a wide gap and one difficult 
to fill. That great State which is still in mourning for 
Judge Kelley has again recently had the heavy hand 
of affliction laid on her, for she deplores the loss of his 
illustrious colleague, that great commoner whose fame was 
as broad as our land and whose death is felt as a national 
calamity. 

There was a. striking similarity in the public career <>!' 
these two distinguished sons of Pennsylvania — William 
D. Kelley and Samuel J. Randall — and by a. strange coin- 
cidence their long, arduous, and devoted services to their 
State were ended by death at nearly the same time. Dif- 
fering widely as they did in politics, often brought into 
sharp political antagonism, there were many points of 
character in which they resembled each other. Both were 
brave, positive, aggressive, and conscientious men, and each 
could justly be called "an honest man, the noblest work 
of God ;" and while each battled with earnest zeal and un- 
faltering courage for the triumph of his principles and his 
party— 

Theirs was no common party race, 
Jostling by dark intrigue for place. 

In contemplating the careers of these two great actors on 
the public stage, similar as they were in so many particu- 
lars and yet so divergent in others, we are reminded of 
England's immortal rivals, Pitt and Fox; and the touching 
tribute paid to their memory, when they were laid at rest in 



Life ami C liaracter of William D. Kelley. 93 

Westminster Abbey, by Scotland's border minstrel might 
appropriately be applied to tbe dead sons of Pennsylvania: 

Genius and taste and talent gone, 
Forever tombed beneath the stone, 
Where— taming thought to human pride— 
The mighty chiefs sleep side by side. * * * 
The solemn echo seems to cry 
Here let their discord with them die. 
Speai nnt for those a separate doom 
Whom Fate made brothers in the tomb. 



ADDRESS OF MR. HAWLEY, OF CONNECTICUT. 

Mr. President: There are vast opportunities among a 
greai people numbering 60,000,000, where every man lias 
the opportunity to become all thai Beaven gives him power 
to be. Whether or not a republic shall develop greater men 
than are to be found elsewhere I do not know, but it is 
certain, I think, to develop a greater numberof men of use- 
ful type. In conversational debates, newspaper readings, 
political meetings and conventions, in tbe absolute freedom 
of association, so thai nearly every adult has been a chair- 
man, or secretary, or a committeeman, over and over again, 
all knowledge of affairs and qualities of leadership are 
cultivated. In the city governments and legislatures and 
congresses are needed men qualified to speak and to hold 
delegated power. 

When masses of men find themselves with opinions and 
purposes that they think exceedingly important, they must 
find a representative man. and our institutions develop bim. 
He is sent to a Legislature or Congress, and there he "rep- 
resents" with vigor and sincerity. The people speak 
through him : he confers with them constantly and he seeks 



94 Address of Mr. Hawley, of Connecticut, on the 

to please them. A captious and pessimistic critic may say 
tin- man is a demagogue, but the people know him better. 
He is there because they send him, and they send him be- 
cause he is evidently the warmest and strongest man among 
them. He is of and for the people. The demagogue may 
sometimes circumvent him, but he lias a vast advantage in 
tin- evident earnestness, sincerity, and absolute honesty of 
his character. He touches elbows with all ranks and classi s. 

Such a man was Judge Kelley, of the great class of 
ci immoners of win mi Lincoln was the type and chief. Judge 
Kelley*s hold on his constituents could not be shaken. It 
never could have been purchased. Such characters are 
born, not made. Some doubters of human nature think it 
evidence against a. man that all the people appear to like 
him. Yet it is said of the Divine Man, and it is one of the 
most precious lines of the Holy Scriptures, that "the com- 
mon people heard him gladly." 

Let us take comfort in thinking that these things give us 
more respect and hope for our fellow-men. The generation 
tint grappled Judge Kelley to themselves with hooks of 
steel, and would have re-elected him for a hundred years, 
can not be a very bad people. The country is richer and 
stronger that such men have lived. His countrymen are 
not unduly mourning that at the age of seventy-six he has 
closed his long and noble record. They are taking courage 
and thinking better of human nature and of the institutions 
that can produce a man so typical of what American states- 
men ought to be. 



Life and Character of William D. Kelle 



ADDRESS OF MR. DANIEL, OF VIRGINIA. 

Mr. President: William Darrah Kelley, a Represent- 
ative from Pennsylvania in the Congress of the United 
States, was born in Philadelphia on the 12th day of April, 
L814, and died in Washington City on the 9th of January, 
1890, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He was a self- 
made man, who rose to emineuce by dint of strong natural 
capacities, resolute energies, concentrated purpose, and the 
high endeavor to be useful to his constituents, his country, 
and his fellow-men. 

American in birth, tastes, intuitions, and aspirations, he 
illustrated in his history the beneficence of free institutions, 
and in his character some of the best traits typical of his 
countrymen. His early boyhood was a scuffle for livelihood. 
His youthful manhood was a struggle for education and rec- 
ognition. His maturer years were conflicts for the honors 
of his profession. From the meridian of life to its close he 
was in the thick strifes of public business. 

The sunset of life found him with— 

That which should accompany old age: 
Love, obedience, troops of friends. 

Full of years and wearing honors fairly won, he has at 
last suffered the common lot; and we pause in the midst of 
public i 'a res t<> tender our sympathies to his bereaved family, 
to pay our resped to his memory, and to lift the example of 
his usefulness above his new-made grave. 

To those who were familiar with him in the social walks 
of life and between whom and himself existed the endear- 
ments of private friendship I leave the task— to them now 
sad indeed yet graceful and most fitting — of portraying those 



96 Address of Mr. Daniel, of I 'irginia, on the 

qualities which tied to him in confidence and affection the 
companions of his labors and the constituents of his polit- 
ical career. 

I knew him scarce more than in that large sense in which 
we know the distinguished men of our country by their 
writings, speeches, and public works, though I was occa- 
sionally brotight in contact with him and had opportunity 
to observe his bearing and take cognizance of his abilities 
while an associate member of the House of Representatives 
in the Forty-ninth Congress. 

Judge Kelley was a manly man. This his tall figure 
and strongly marked countenance indicated, and this his 
conduct proved. He was independent and self-poised in 
character; bold, frank, and direct in his methods of proced- 
ure; ardent in temperament; strong in conviction; earnest 
in advocacy. As a debater he took high rank. His re- 
searches were untiring. He shed Lighi on every question he 
discussed, and he took a leading part in nearly every issue 
joined between his party and its opponents. He was thor- 
oughly informed on the questions which he undertook to 
elucidate; well cultured in literature; and his utterances 
were delivered with dramatic power. But his mind was 
business-like and practical: and while his general informa- 
tion was large, it was in the power to apply what he knew 
and prove its weight and influence upon the point of dispu- 
tation that he displayed the possession of sound learning 
and the high faculties of sound judgment and common 
sense. 

It was as an economist that Judge Kelley was most dis- 
tinguished. Questions of finance, of commerce and manu- 
factures, of taxation, of material development, were the 
questions which chiefly attracted his attention. And his 
lectures, speeches, and essays on these topics denote the 



Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 97 

fidelity of his researches, the breadth of his acquisitions 
and comprehensions, and his powers of presentation. 

We all owe a debt, society at large owes a debt, to the 
able disputant, whether there be concurrence of sentiment 
or no, just as the judge and jury owe a great debt to the 
honest and learned lawyer who lays before them the learn- 
ing and logic of a case. 

Political science owes a debt to Judge Kelley, and those 
of us who on some points disagree with him owe our full 
share for the honest, patient toil and fine intelligence with 
which lie illustrated the field in which we are gleaners sink- 
ing for the truth. 

Judge Kelley entered Congress on the 4th of July. L861, 
when the drum-beat was summoning millions to arms. 

He remained there by successive elections throughout the 
war ami its unhappy aftermath, and. indeed, until the 91 h day 
of January. 1890, when, at the aye of seventy-six. he lay day 
cold in death. He had become the " Father of the Bouse," 
ami was venerated as a patriarch by his colleagues. Hesaw 
war divide and then peace restore the Union and settle into 
peacefulness. 

While a Representative in Congress he saw his country 
grow from 31,000,000 to 60,000,000 of people, and the States 
multiply from thirty-four to forty-two. A partisan while 
strife was flagrant, he did much to point out the paths of 
restoration when strife ended. Hatreds he did not cherish. 
Toward the South he felt kindly, and his sagacious mind 
was among the foremost to realize the vast resources and 
possibilities of that section, and his tongue and pen were 
eloquent in pointing them out and in inspiring hope and 
gi " n 1 cheer amongst its people. The South appreciated alike 
the generous promptings of his heart and the rich genius of 
his intellect, and mourn his death. 

H. Mis. 229 7 



98 Life and Character of William D. Kelley. 

That for thirty years he stood in one place, doing one 
thing and looking one way, is a proof of constancy that no 
eulogy could heighten. 

That no suspicion ever haunted his good name is a proof 
of honesty that needs no witness. 

That he maintained himself amongst the foremost cham- 
pions and held through all shifting scenes the confidence and 
support of his constituency is a monument to their fealty 
and friendship and to his merit more enduring than brass 
or marl ile. 

That ambition did not tempt him to seek other positions 
than that which he held shows his appreciation and his 
countrymen's appreciation of a fact noteworthy and honor- 
able, that in our five Government to be a representative of 
the people is an honor in itself than which none is - higher. 

We ran not solve the bright mystery of life or the dark 
mystery of death. 

But at the end of a life like this, rounded in years, use- 
fulness, and honor, fond memories soothe the aching hearts 
of grief and Hope points upward from the home of sorrow. 

Mr. Cameron. I move the adoption of the resolutions. 

The Vice-President. The question is on the adoption of 
the resolutions offered by the Senator from Pennsylvania. 

The resolutions were unanimously agreed to; and (at 5 
o'clock and 4 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until 
to-morrow, Wednesday, May 21, 1890, at 12 o'clock m. 



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